Ansiedad materna prenatal, desarrollo psicológico infantil y reactividad del eje HPA en bebés de 2 a 3 meses de edad

  1. Fátima Prieto
  2. José A. Portellano
  3. José A. Martínez-Orgado
Revista:
Clínica y salud: Investigación Empírica en Psicología

ISSN: 1130-5274

Año de publicación: 2019

Volumen: 30

Número: 1

Páginas: 23-33

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5093/CLYSA2019A5 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Clínica y salud: Investigación Empírica en Psicología

Resumen

RESUMEN Los bebés expuestos a altos niveles de ansiedad materna durante la etapa prenatal pueden desarrollar un eje HPA (hipotálamo pituitario adrenal) más reactivo, lo que supone vulnerabilidad a padecer psicopatologías. En este estudio prospectivo investigamos las relaciones entre la ansiedad prenatal maternal, el desarrollo psicológico infantil y la reactividad del eje HPA en bebés de 2 a 3 meses. Recogimos datos de cuarenta y seis díadas de madres y bebés. El análisis principal no reveló relaciones significativas entre las tres variables estudiadas, pero la variabilidad apuntó a que la ansiedad materna prenatal podría asociarse a efectos diferenciales en la reactividad del eje HPA en función del desarrollo psicológico infantil. Además, los resultados indicaron que las madres con ansiedad prenatal presentaban otros síntomas psicopatológicos, como sensibilidad interpersonal (p < .001) y obsesión-compulsión (p < .001). Esto es significativo para futuras investigaciones y a nivel clínico para promover intervenciones psicológicas durante la gestación.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adamson, L. B,Frick, J. E.. (2003). The Still Face: A history of a shared experimental paradigm. Infancy. 4. 451
  • Adewua, A. O,Ola, B. A,Dada, A. O,Fasoto, O. O.. (2006). Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a screening tool for depression in late pregnancy among Nigerian women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 27. 267
  • Bale, N.. (2006). Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd ed.). Administration manual. Harcourt Assessment. San Antonio, TX.
  • Beck, A. T,Epstein, N,Brown, G,Steer, R. A.. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56. 893
  • Bergman, K,Sarkar, P,Glover, V,O’Connor, T. G.. (2010). Maternal prenatal cortisol and infant cognitive development: Moderation by infant-mother attachment. Biological Psychiatry. 67. 1026
  • Bergman, K,Sarkar, P,O’Connor, T. G,Modi, N,Glover, V.. (2007). Maternal stress during pregnancy predicts cognitive ability and fearfulness in infancy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 46. 1454
  • Berle, J.A,Aarre, T. F,Mkletun, A,Dahl, A. A,Holsten, F.. (2003). Screening for postnatal depression: Validation of the Norwegian version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and assessment of risk factors for postnatal depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 76. 151
  • Bertin, E,Striano, T.. (2006). The Still-Face response in newborn, 1.5-, and 3-month-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development. 29. 294
  • Brennan, P. A,Pargas, R,Walker, E. F,Green, P,Newport, D. J.. Stowe. (2008). Maternal depression and infant cortisol: Influences of timing, comorbidity and treatment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 49. 1099
  • Brunton, R. J,Drer, R,Saliba, A.. Kohlhoff. (2015). Pregnancy anxiety: A systematic review of current scales. Journal of Affective Disorders. 176. 24-34
  • De Weerth, C,Zijl, R. H,Buitelaar, J. K.. (2003). Development of cortisol circadian rhythm in infancy. Early Human Development. 73. 39-52
  • Derogatis, L. R.. (2002). SCL-90-R: Cuestionario de 90 síntomas. TEA. Madrid, España.
  • DiPietro, J.. (2011). Prenatal/perinatal stress and its impact on psychosocial child development. Encyclopedia on early childhood development.
  • DiPietro, J. A,Novak, M. F. S. X,Costigan, K. A,Atella, L. D,Reusing, S. P.. (2006). Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy in relation to child development at age two. Child Development. 77. 573
  • Entringer, S,Kumsta, R,Hellhammer, D. H,Wadhwa, P. D,Wust, S.. (2009). Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial stress and HPA axis regulation in young adults. Hormones and Behavior. 55. 292
  • Feldman, R,Singer, M,Zagoor, O.. (2010). Touch attenuates infants’ physiological reactivity to stress. Developmental Science. 13. 271
  • Ferrando, L,Bobes, J,Gibert, J,Soto, M,Soto, O.. (2000). MINI Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional [MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview]. Instrumentos de detección y orientación diagnóstica.
  • First, M. B,Frances, A,Pincus, H. A.. (2001). DSM-IV-TR. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Masson. Barcelona, España.
  • García-Dié, M,Placín, C.. (1999). XII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia de Niños y Adolescentes (SEPYPNA). Proceso de maternidad: un espacio de intervención psicológica para la prevención. Girona, España.
  • Glover, V.. (2011). Annual research review: Prenatal stress and the origins of psychopathology. An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 52. 356
  • Glover, V,O’Connor, T. G,O’Donnell, K.. (2010). Prenatal stress and the programming of the HPA axis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 35. 17-22
  • González de Rivera, J. L,De las Cuevas, C,Rodríguez-Abuín, M. J,Rodríguez-Pulido, F.. (2002). El cuestionario de 90 síntomas (adaptación española del SCL-90R de Derogatis). TEA. Madrid, España.
  • Grant, K. A,McMahon, C,Austin, M. P,Reill, N,Leader, L,Ali, S.. (2009). Maternal prenatal anxiety, postnatal caregiving and infants’ cortisol responses to the Still-Face procedure. Developmental Psychobiology. 51. 625
  • Green, M. K,Rani, C. S,Joshi, A,Soto-Pina, A. E,Martinez, P. A,Frazer, A,Morilak, D. A.. (2011). Prenatal stress induces long term stress vulnerability, compromising stress response systems in the brain and impairing extinction of conditioned fear after adult stress. Neuroscience. 192. 438
  • Gunnar, M. R,Brodersen, L,Nachmias, M,Buss, K,Rigatuso, J.. (1996). Stress reactivity and attachment security. Developmental Psychobiology. 29. 191-204
  • Gunnar, M. R,Quevedo, K. M.. (2007). Early care experiences and HPA axis regulation in children: a mechanism for later trauma vulnerability. Progress in Brain Research. 167. 137
  • Gunnar, M. R,Talge, N. M,Herrera, A.. (2009). Stressor paradigms in developmental studies: What does and does not work to produce mean increases in salivary cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34. 953
  • Gunning, M. D,Denison, F. C,Stockle, C. J,Ho, S. P,Sandhu, H. K,Renolds, R. M.. (2010). Assessing maternal anxiety in pregnancy with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI): Issues of validity, location and participation. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 28. 266
  • Gutteling, B. M,de Weerth, C,Buitelaar, J. K.. (2005). Prenatal stress and children’s cortisol reaction to the first day of school. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 30. 541
  • Huizink, A. C,Robles de Medina, P. G,Mulder, E. J. H,Visser, G. H. A,Buitelaar, J. K.. (2003). Stress during pregnancy is associated with developmental outcome in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 44. 810
  • Hundle, V,Gurne, E,Graham, W,Rennie, A.-M.. (1998). Can anxiety in pregnant women be measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory?. Midwifery. 14. 118
  • Jansen, J,Beijers, R,Riksen-Walraven, M,de Weerth, C.. (2010). Cortisol reactivity in young infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 35. 329
  • Josse, D.. (1997). Brunet-Lézine revisado. Escala de Desarrollo Psicomotor de la Primera Infancia (BL-R). Psymtec. Madrid, España.
  • Kim, Y. K,Hur, J. W,Kim, K. H,Oh, K. S,Shin, Y. C.. (2008). Prediction of postpartum depression by sociodemographic, obstetric and psychological factors: A prospective study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 62. 331
  • King, S,Laplante, D. P.. (2005). The effects of prenatal maternal stress on children’s cognitive development: Project Ice Storm. Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress. 8. 35-45
  • Larson, M. C,White, B. P,Cochran, A,Donzella, B,Gunnar, M.. (1998). Developmental Psychobiology. 33. 327
  • Levin, J. S.. (1991). The factor structure of the pregnancy anxiety scale. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 32. 368
  • Lewis, M,Ramsa, D. S.. (1995). Developmental change in infants’ responses to stress. Child Development. 66. 657
  • Li, J,Olsen, J,Vestergaard, M,Obel, C.. (2010). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring following prenatal maternal bereavement: a nationwide follow-up study in Denmark. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 19. 747
  • Loman, M. M,Gunnar, M. R.. (2010). Early experience and the development of stress reactivity and regulation in children. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 34. 867
  • Maccari, S,Darnauder, M,Morle-Fletcher, S,Zuena, A. R,Cinque, C,Van Reeth, O.. (2003). Prenatal stress and long-term consequences: implications of glucocorticoid hormones. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 27. 119
  • Magnano, C. L,Gardner, J. M,Karmel, B. Z.. (1992). Differences in salivary cortisol levels in cocaine-exposed and noncocaine-exposed NICU infants. Developmental Psychobiology. 25. 93-103
  • Mamelle, N,Gerin, P,Measson, A,Munoz, F,Collet, P.. (1987). Assessment of psychological modifications during pregnancy: Contribution of Derogatis Symptom Check-list (SCL 90-R). Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 7. 39-50
  • Mchichi Alami, K,Kadri, N,Berrada, S.. (2006). Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth in a Moroccan sample. Archives of Women’s Mental Health. 9. 343
  • Mesman, J,van IJzendoorn, M. H.,Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.. (2009). The many faces of the Still-Face Paradigm: A review and meta-analysis. Developmental Review. 29. 120
  • Muir, D,Lee, K.. (2003). The Still-Face effect: Methodological issues and new applications. Infancy. 4. 483
  • O’Connor, T. G,Ben-Shlomo, Y,Heron, J,Golding, J,Adams, D,Glover, V.. (2005). Prenatal anxiety predicts individual differences in cortisol in pre-adolescent children. Biological Psychiatry. 58. 211
  • (2008). Organización Mundial de la Salud Clasificación estadística internacional de enfermedades y problemas relacionados con la salud (CIE-10). Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Washington, DC.
  • Osman, A,Kopper, B. A,Barrios, F. X,Osman, J. R,Wade, T.. (1997). The Beck Anxiety Inventory: Reexamination of factor structure and psychometric properties. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 53. 7-14
  • Ramsa, D,Lewis, M.. (2003). Reactivity and regulation in cortisol and behavioral responses to stress. Child Development. 74. 456
  • Reguera, E. A.. (2014). Apego, cortisol y estrés, en infantes: una revisión narrativa. Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría. 34. 753
  • Roque, L,Veríssimo, M,Oliveira, T. F,Oliveira, R. F.. (2012). Attachment security and HPA axis reactivity to positive and challenging emotional situations in child-mother dyads in naturalistic settings. Developmental Psychobiology. 54. 401
  • Schmidt, E. B,Argimon, I. I. de L.. (2009). Vinculação da gestante e apego materno fetal. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto). 19. 211
  • Schroeder, M,Sultan, T,Weller, A.. (2013). Prenatal stress effects on emotion regulation differ by genotype and sex in prepubertal rats. Developmental Psychobiology. 55. 176
  • Smith, M. V,Rosenheck, R. A,Cavaleri, M. A,Howell, H. B,Poschman, K,Yonkers, K. A.. (2004). Screening for and detection of depression, panic disorder, and PTSD in public sector obstetric clinics. Psychiatric Services. 55. 407
  • Spielberger, C. D,Gorsuch, R. L,Lushene, R. E.. (1997). Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI). TEA Ediciones. Madrid, España.
  • Su, K.-P,Chiu, T.-H,Huang, C.-L,Ho, M,Lee, C.-C,Wu, P.-L.,Pariante, C. M.. (2007). Different cutoff points for different trimesters? The use of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Beck Depression Inventory to screen for depression in pregnant Taiwanese women. General Hospital Psychiatry. 29. 436
  • Sullivan, R. M,Gratton, A.. (2002). Prefrontal cortical regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in the rat and implications for psychopathology: Side matters. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 27. 99-114
  • Tollenaar, M. S,Beijers, R,Jansen, J,Riksen-Walraven, J. M. A,de Weerth, C.. (2011). Maternal prenatal stress and cortisol reactivity to stressors in human infants. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 14. 53-65
  • Tronick, E,Als, H,Adamson, L,Wise, S,Brazelton, T. B.. (1978). The infant’s response to entrapment between contradictory messages in face-to-face interaction. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. 17. 1-13
  • Underdown, A,Barlow, J,Stewart-Brown, S.. (2010). Tactile stimulation in physically healthy infants: Results of a systematic review. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. 28. 11-29
  • Van den Bergh, B.. (1990). The influence of maternal emotions during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal behavior. Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health. 5. 119
  • Weinstock, M.. (2001). Alterations induced by gestational stress in brain morphology and behaviour of the offspring. Progress in Neurobiology. 65. 427
  • Weinstock, M.. (2005). he potential influence of maternal stress hormones on development and mental health of the offspring. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 19. 296-308
  • Weinstock, M.. (2008). The long-term behavioural consequences of prenatal stress. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 32. 1073
  • Weinstock, M.. (2015). Changes induced by prenatal stress in behavior and brain morphology: Can they be prevented or reversed?. Advances in Neurobiology. 10. 3-25
  • Wilson, C. A,Vazdarjanova, A,Terr, A. V.. (2013). Exposure to variable prenatal stress in rats: Effects on anxiety-related behaviors, innate and contextual fear, and fear extinction. Behavioural Brain Research. 238. 279