Psicopatología y génerodeterminantes socioculturales de los trastornos psicológicos en las mujeres

Abstract

Women’s health is different from men’s health, with women having the worst general health: they have a higher number of chronic conditions, higher levels of cognitive impairment, and a higher prevalence of severe pain and physical disability (Case & Paxson, 2005; Chiasson & Hirsch, 2005; Crimmins et al., 2010; Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs, and Social Welfare], 2018a; Oksuzyan et al., 2019; Sánchez-López et al., 2012). However, if there is one area of health where gender-based differences in the prevalence of disorders is particularly significant, that is mental health, where the prevalence of mental health problems is twice as high in women as in men (Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs, and Social Welfare], 2018b; World Health Organisation [WHO], 2018; Velasco et al., 2007).Epidemiological data show that there are a number of diagnoses for which there are no sex-based differences, but there are many other disorders where the prevalence is much higher in women. This is the case of eating disorders (Kohen, 2010; Ruiz et al., 2016), affective disorders such as depression (Ferrari et al., 2013; Pérez & Serra, 1997; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019; Sáenz-Herrero, 2019; Salk et al., 2017), anxiety and dysthymia (Leal, 2006; Pérez & Gaviña, 2019; Sánchez-López & Cuéllar, 2013), and some personality disorders, such as borderline disorder (Kienast et al., 2014; Ortiz-Tallo et al., 2011a; Millon & Grossman, 2003; Tomko et al., 2014). It also follows from the above that women have, in general, a higher prevalence of internalising disorders (anxiety, depression) while men tend towards externalising disorders (antisocial personality disorder, addictions) (Eaton et al., 2012)...