Evolución del concepto de recuperación en el trastorno por uso de alcohol

Abstract

Numerous definitions of recovery exist in the field of addictive disorders, particularly with regard to alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, attempts to establish the meaning of recovery in AUD have not achieved consensus. Throughout this century, proposals have recognized that recovery transcends mere abstinence or reduction in consumption, reflecting its complex and multidimensional nature. AUD recovery is characterized by improvements in various aspects of the individual’s life, being a dynamic, voluntary and self-directed process, in which the individual plays an active role in his or her path to wellness. Definitions converge on the importance of holistic well-being, including improvements in quality of life, biopsychosocial functioning, eudaimonic well- being and interpersonal relationships. However, debates persist around the inclusion of substance management in definitions of recovery from AUD. In addition, a new controversy has arisen with the recent inclusion of the referral of AUD diagnostic criteria within these definitions. This article proposes incorporating the ability to control behavior as an element in the definition of recovery to address these discrepancies. This approach recognizes individual variability and advocates for the application of personalized therapies within a person-centered care framework.