Addressing the challenges of decision-making for biodiversity conservation under global change

Abstract

The rapid decline of biodiversity under the pressure of human derived disturbances is a major global issue. We need a holistic landscape planning to jointly halt the biodiversity crisis and enhance the sustainable use of natural resources. Furthermore, the increasing volume of biodiversity information being compiled, such as distribution of species, pressures and management, often disconnected, makes it necessary to integrate biodiversity data and knowledge to enhance conservation action. The present PhD thesis includes four studies (chapters) in Catalonia (NE Spain), with the primary aim of developing decision-making tools for various conservation management challenges. I used Systematic Conservation Planning approaches, integrating diverse data sources and policy tools, to create frameworks that provide objective and informed decision-making for conservation. In the first chapter, together with Catalonian administration and the rest of stakeholders, I scanned former management efforts identifying management gaps. Then, in the second chapter, I prioritized management actions to address those management gaps and provide tools for effectively manage pressure to biodiversity. I highlight the significance of planning for prioritizing pressure management to maximize conservation outputs and concentrate conservation efforts where they are more needed. Furthermore, in the third chapter, I show that the intrinsic dynamism of ecosystems and the threats they face could compromise ongoing and future efforts, especially if continuing to be focused only on protected areas. This chapter emphasizes the need to adapt environmental policy and management to the dynamic nature of ecosystems and species driven by global change. Therefore, in the fourth chapter I addressed the necessity to broaden biodiversity management beyond protected areas, incorporating policy tools like Green Infrastructure networks, and considering the synergies and trade-offs between different land uses. In this way, throughout this thesis Systematic Conservation Planning proved valuable in 1) prioritizing management actions, 2) prioritizing of biodiversity-relevant areas, and 3) multi-zone planning. Implementation-oriented conservation science should play a crucial role in prioritizing actions and addressing threats to biodiversity, contributing to better decision-making processes and policy frameworks. The insights from this thesis underscore the importance of integrating data, prioritizing actions, addressing landscape dynamics and considering multi-objective approaches in conservation planning. By implementing these integrated strategies, we can strive towards a more sustainable and resilient future for biodiversity, safeguarding the irreplaceable natural heritage of future generations.