Crítica y dialécticala cuestión del método en el pensamiento de Marx

Abstract

The aim of this investigation is to determine the meaning and function of Marx’s dialectical method in his theoretical project of critique of political economy. As opposed to the interpretation trends that have become dominant within Marxism, in which Marxian dialectic has been understood in terms of real dialectic as law of motion of natural and historical processes, or as materialistic translation of the logical categories of Hegel’s philosophy, we have tried to demonstrate that dialectic is referred for Marx to the theoretical construction of a exposition of the social relations within the capitalist system. This exposition is developed by means of the critique to the categories of political economy, in which the social and historical content of the economical forms remains concealed. Since through these categories the spontaneous consciousness that the bourgeois society has of itself acquires a systematic theoretical expression, the Marxian critique of political economy is simultaneously critique of the bourgeois forms of consciousness. In this conception of method as a unity of exposition and critique we have determined the essential core of Marxian dialectic. We have also shown that in Marx’s notion the dialectical form of the exposition is clearly distinguished from the real movement of the historical process, being the treatment of the later settled in the place determined by the conceptual development through which it is theoretically reproduced the social reality of the capitalist mode of production.