Potenciación de la liberación de glutamato por los receptores metabotrópicos de glutamato de tipo 7 y β-andrenérgicos

Resumo

The communication between neurons is the basis of the brain function. At chemical synapses, this phenomenon is mediated by neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminal, which subsequently induces a response in the postsynaptic neuron. Neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles which are distributed along the presynaptic boutons and close to the active zone. This presynaptic plasma membrane region localizes the proteins that are involved in vesicle fusion, known as the release machinery, and a high concentration of voltage dependent calcium channels. The arrival of an action potential to the active zone gates calcium influx through voltage dependent calcium channels, thereby activating the release machinery and triggering the synaptic vesicles fusion with the active zone plasma membrane, and the synaptic transmission. Synaptic vesicles must be physically attached to the active zone membrane (docking) and achieve a competent molecular state for fusion (priming). The release process involves the action of the release machinery that includes several proteins (Sudhof 2013), such as Munc13, a DAG-binding protein essential for the priming of synaptic vesicles for the release (Rhee et al., 2002) through its interaction with RIM protein (Deng et al., 2011)...