Caracterización del riesgo de exposición al parásito de pescado "Anisakis" sp

Resumo

One of the most important fish parasites causing zoonosis are the nematodes belonging to the Anisakidae family. The species most often described in humans is the A. simplex. Adverse reactions are due to infection after ingestion of viable larvae or to allergic reactions (hypersensitivity) by exposure to parasite material without requiring the presence of live larvae. As a result, assessment of exposure has different characteristics in the two entities. A. simplex allergens are very resistant to heat and freezing. In fact, it has been described the presence of allergens and antigens of Anisakis sp. after performing various treatments subjecting larvae to the effect of heat or freezing and even in fishery products industrially processed; these treatments applied to fishery products kill the worm but may not prevent the risk of allergies in consumers. To assess the exposure to parasite allergens it should also be taken into account the consumption of fishery products that represent an unsuspected source of allergens such as highly processed products, i.e. canned products and fish aquaculture. In case of aquaculture fish, the absence of live larvae does not exclude the possibility that allergens can be detected in the muscle of fish due to the carry-over from the feed which has been produced with flour and oil from parasitized fish. Anisakis sp. is the only known organism that is both a helminth parasite and an allergen present in fishery products, so that the immune system responds to Anisakis sp. as an invading parasite and as an allergen...