El trastorno por déficit de atención y/o hiperactividaddiferenciación neuropsicológica entre los subtipos inatento e hiperactivo

Abstract

The three subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ie the inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes, present different neuropsychological profiles that affect cognitive processes in a different way. The literature on this topic is reviewed, beginning with the historical evolution of the terms and the concept of ADHD. The neuropsychological and cognitive alterations are described specifically for each subtype and especially for the two subtypes of our interest, the inattentive and the hyperactive-impulsive, based on the literature again. The theoretical framework also includes the revision of explanatory models of ADHD to date. Based on the review of the literature, the following objective is proposed: to determine if there is a specific and differential neuropsychological profile between the two subtypes of ADHD, predominantly inattentive and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, in children and adolescents of school age. Based on this objective, the following hypotheses are formulated: if the neuropsychological performance of children with ADHD, of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive subtypes, is compared, there will be significant differences between these two subtypes with the predominantly inattentive subtype performing better on tasks of inhibition, working memory, learning and memory and tasks of linguistic ability and the hyperactive-impulsive subtype performing better in attention tasks, processing speed and visoperceptive skills...