Nanomateriales hibridos para el diseño de biosensores enzimáticos electroquímicos

Abstract

Nowadays, nanomaterials engineering is recognized as a top emerging technology thatwill have a major impact on the quality of science and society over the next years. Thisscientific field has already opened the possibility to tailor-made design advancednanomaterials with desired physicochemical and functional properties, based on the rationalmanipulation of their chemical composition, morphology, size and surface derivatization.These novel nanomaterials will allow the production of the next generation ofbiomaterials, computing systems, protective coatings, drug-delivery systems, electronicdevices, functional textiles and wearable devices, and sensor systems with improvedproperties and nanometric dimensions.In this context, the ultimate goal for nanomaterials engineering is the establishment oforiginal synthetic strategies for the rational preparation of nanosized structures with uniqueand well-defined characteristics. Special attention is currently devoted to the design of novelfunctional nanomaterials for emerging biologically driven applications. These materialsshould be provided with specific chemical functionalities to ensure high biocompatibility,hydrophilicity and capacity for the stable immobilization of biologically-activemacromolecules.A rational strategy to prepare these novel nanostructures is the tailored functionalizationwith other molecular or nanosized materials to yield hybrid derivatives, in which theresulting structure, degree of organization and therefore the synergistic and novelproperties are ruled by the chemical nature and molecular architecture of the individualcomponents. In particular, considerable interest is currently devoted to the preparation ofconductive hybrid nanomaterials with improved biocompatibility for proteins, nucleic acids,cells and tissues oriented to the fabrication of bioelectronics, biocomputing and biosensingsystems...