Estudio del papel inmunomodulador de los antígenos larvarios de Anisakis simplex

Abstract

Anisakidosis (infection caused by anisakids, especially Anisakis simplex), is a cosmopolitan parasitosis, with high prevalence in those countries where eating habits include frequent consumption of raw or little cooked fish, like Japan, Spain, Scandinavian countries, Peru or Chile. Nowadays, is one of the nematodoses more prevalent in Spain. Previous studies have shown that anisakidosis seroprevalence is very variable among different Spanish regions, with rates tha oscillate between 0,43% in Galicia, and 15,7% and 22,1% in inland and southern regions, respectively. Third stage larvae (L3) parasitation can lead to different clinical profiles, with acute or chronic symptoms, or just not symptomatology at all. Anyway, all these symptoms are related with L3 invasion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by the mechanical ruptura of the tissues and the secretion of potent proteolytic enzymes able to degrade the extracelular matrix. During this process, several mechanisms to modulate the dichotomy of the host immune response are developed by A. simplex larvae for their own benefit. Their anticoagulant actions or their capacity to inhibit nitric oxide production by macrophages, exemplify two mechanisms...