El modelo neoliberal de mercado laboral y la reproducción social de la fuerza de trabajoel caso de la industria maquiladora de exportación en México

Abstract

The labor and productive transformation that occurred in the last decades in the context of the liberalization of the economy in Mexico was the result of the crisis of the import substitution industrialization (ISI) model. The change was based on the application of neoliberal measures of transformation and productive specialization for the increase of exports, resulting in the flexibilization of labor relations and giving the market greater power to regulate wages and solve labor market imbalances (Moreno-Brid y Ros, 2004). The ISI accumulation model was based on the expansion of the domestic market and its collapse generated a series of foreign adjustment policies and caused a shift to export production in response to the reduction of the domestic market. The first attempt to change to a model with an exporting profile was the increase in the sale of oil abroad. The second was based on encouraging the growth of manufacturing exports. Since then, the main driver of economic growth in Mexico has been the export maquiladora industry (IME) (Guillen, 2013). This research analyzes the labor market of the IME starting from the schema of the feminist labor market economy, which includes all the sources of provisioning of families that define the global work of the economy. The objective is to clarify how the division of domestic labor between the genders creates differences in the labor force and how the capital takes advantage of these characteristics to improve the level of profit of the maquiladora sector and, therefore, to delineate the new working conditions that generates the new Neoliberal model of industrialization - as described in chapter I - and its impact on the well-being of families...