"Estudio del éxito emprendedor y su relación con la creatividad y otras variables psicológicaselaboración, análisis y validación de un instrumento para su medida: el ""Test de Juárez"""

Abstract

ABSTRACT TITLE: ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS AND ITS RELATION TO CREATIVITY AND OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS. DEVELOPMENT, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF A MEASURING INTRUMENT: "EL TEST DE JUÁREZ". KEY WORDS: Entrepreneurial success, divergent creativity, convergent creativity, circular intelligence, connective intelligence, cognitive strategies. PURPOSE: This research aims to study the success and creativity through the development of an owned measuring test hereafter called "El Test de Juárez". This investigation starts from the existence of special people who tend to achieve their goals (success) and share some features. "El Test de Juárez" detects and measures 15 cognitive strategies becoming apparent in different everyday situations. Success is based on a "special" way of thinking. The comparison with the annual turnover of people who create projects from scratch is objective thanks to the component of the entrepreneurial success. It can also be understood as an instrument to measure the convergent creativity. Unlike the divergent creativity (brainstorming ability) that reckons on a lot of measuring instruments, the convergent creativity, which is hard to measure, consists of fulfilling those ideas and turning them into tangible outcomes (fulfilling dreams). This research is not only restricted to "El Test de Juárez"-which may be the first test in the world able to predict the tendency to succeed. It also tries to demonstrate that these special cognitive strategies and many others are specific to people prone to succeed. A better realistic approach is permitted by these skills and certain errors caused by the conceptual linguistic thinking are overcome. METHODOLOGY: In order to validate this test, a comparison between a sample of more than 2,000 university students and a sample of objective successful entrepreneurs in terms of the annual turnover has been carried out. Besides, other tests and correlations have been carried out on more than 14,000 people. "El Test de Juárez" consists of 24 questions that measure 15 cognitive strategies when combined. RESULTS: After a thorough statistical analysis, 15 dimensions and 23 of the 24 questions are confirmed. After having studied in depth the linguistic errors typical of the "normal" way of thinking, "coercive bipolarity" is revealed to be one of the fundamental errors. It consists of opposing concepts that may be compatible. For instance, the false opposition between being good-looking or being friendly and the one between being wealthy or finding your dream job. Special people overcome this error and develop the duality-which is a cognitive strategy meaning that courtesy and valour are not mutually exclusive. Although it is simple and logical, the duality is, curiously, exceptional and average people's mind assimilates this and other linguistic errors without noticing them. A lot of measuring instruments do not take into account these errors. Some concepts are questioned such as the reliability coefficient which virtually consists of considering as reliable every test or questionnaire repeating the same questions in other words. The term covariance coefficient (unreliability) is being suggested. Owing to this and other matters, the previous inability of science to predict success can be amended by new methods that overcome these linguistic errors such as "El Test de Juárez", the first objective measuring instrument able to predict success.