El procesamiento cognitivo en una app educativa con electroencefalograma y «Eye Tracking»

  1. Ubaldo Cuesta Cambra 1
  2. José Ignacio Niño González 1
  3. José Rodríguez Terceño 2
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 ESERP Business School
Journal:
Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación

ISSN: 1134-3478

Year of publication: 2017

Issue Title: Cerebro social e inteligencia conectiva

Issue: 52

Pages: 41-50

Type: Article

DOI: 10.3916/C52-2017-04 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación

Abstract

The use of apps in education is becoming more frequent. However, the mechanisms of attention and processing of their contents and their consequences in learning have not been sufficiently studied. The objective of this work is to analyze how information is processed and learned and how visual attention takes place. It also investigates the existence of gender differences. The responses to 15 images are analyzed using 'Eye Tracking' and EEG in a sample of 22 young students. The recall and liking of the stimuli is also analyzed. The characteristics of the images are evaluated by experts. The results indicate that there is a different pattern of visual activity between men and women which does not affect subsequent recall. The recall is determined by the emotional value of the image and its simplicity: more complex images demand more time of visual fixation but are less remembered. EEG responses confirm the importance of the playful component of the memory and low involvement processing. The conclusion is that the behavior against an app of this type resembles the low commitment behavior of advertising itself. Finally, some considerations for the app content design are proposed.

Funding information

Investigación parcialmente financiada por el Laboratorio de Neuromarketing del Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad II de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España)

Bibliographic References

  • Allende, V.S. (2010). La publicidad emocional e informativa y su relación con el recuerdo en la población de adolescentes. Universidad Siglo 21, Repositorio Institucional. (https://goo.gl/vjxuJD) (2016-09-22).
  • Añaños-Carrasco, E. (2015). La tecnología del «Eyetracker» en adultos mayores: cómo se atienden y procesan los contenidos integrados de televisión. [Eyetracker Technology in Elderly People: How Integrated Televisión Content is Paid Attention to and Processed]. Comunicar, 45(XXIII), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.3916/C45-2015-08
  • Arbulú, M.F., & Del-Castillo, A. (2013). Potenciando el alcance del análisis publicitario con la técnica del eyetracking: desarrollo de un software para la evaluación del impacto publicitario. Redmarka, 11(2), 125-136. (https://goo.gl/aPGnRb) (2016-09-28).
  • Ariely, D., & Berns, G.S. (2010). Neuromarketing: The Hope and Hype of Neuroimaging in Business. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 284-292. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2795.
  • Cacioppo, J., Tassinary, L.G., & Berntson, G.G. (2000). Handbook of Psychophisiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Calvert, G.A., & Brammer, M.J. (2012). Predicting Consumer Behavior: Using Novel Mind-reading Approaches. IEEE Pulse, 3(3), 38-41. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPUL.2012.2189167
  • Cuesta, U., & al. (2016). Comunicación y Salud. Madrid: Dextra.
  • Cuesta, U. (2006). Psicología social de la comunicación. Madrid: Cátedra.
  • Deutsch, J.A., & Deutsch, D. (1963). Attention: Some Theoretical Considerations. Psychological Review, 70, 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0039515
  • Dubé, J.E. (2008). Evaluación del acuerdo interjueces en investigacion clinica. Breve introducción a la confiabilidad interjueces. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, XVII(1), 75-80. (https://goo.gl/XyCNZD) (2016-10-6).
  • Duchowski, A. (2013). Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice. London: Springer-Verlag.
  • Goldstein, E.B. (2005). Sensation and Perception. Belmont: Wadsworth & Cengage.
  • Hoffman, J.E. (1998). Visual Attention an Eye Movements. In Pashler, H. (Ed.). Attention (pp. 119-154). Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis Press.
  • Just, M.A., & Carpenter, P.A. (1976a). Eye Fixations and Cognitive Processes. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 441-80. (https://goo.gl/ONjT9U) (2016-10-9).
  • Just, M.A., & Carpenter, P.A. (1976b). The Role of Eye-Fixation Research in Cognitive Psychology. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 8, 139-43. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201761.
  • Khushaba, R.N., Wise, C., Kodagoda, S., Louviere, J., Kahn, B.E., & Townsend, C. (2013). Consumer Neuroscience: Assessing the Brain Response to Marketing Stimuli Using Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Eye Tracking. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), 3803-3812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.12.095
  • Krugman, H.E. (1965). The Impact of Television Advertising: Learning without Involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 30, 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1086/267335
  • Krugman, H.E. (1971). Brain Wave Measures of Media Involvement. Journal of Advertising Research, 11(1), 3-9. (https://goo.gl/t9KUKd) (2016-10-25).
  • Krugman, H.E. (1980). Sustained Viewing of Television. Journal of Advertising Research, 20(3), 65-68. (https://goo.gl/t9KUKd) (2016-11-7).
  • LeDoux, J.E. (1996). The Emotional Brain. Nueva York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Lee, N., Broderick, A.J., & Chamberlain, L. (2007). What is “Neuromarketing”? A Discussion and Agenda for Future Research. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63(2), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.007
  • Luria, A.R. (1966). Human Brain and Psychological Processes. Nueva York: Harper & Row.
  • Luria, A.R. (1973). The Working Brain. Nueva York: Basic Books.
  • Madan, C.R. (2010). Neuromarketing: The Next Step in Market Research? Eureka, 1(1), 34-42. (https://goo.gl/pba81H) (2016-11-14).
  • Niño, J.I., & Fernández, B. (2015). Comunicación, Salud y Tecnología: mHealth. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 5, 144-153. (https://goo.gl/o9L7U9) (2016-11-17).
  • Ohme, R., Reykowska, D., Wiener, D., & Choromanska, A. (2009). Analysis of Neurophysiological Reactions to Advertising Stimuli by Means of EEG and Galvanic Skin Response Measures. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology and Economics, 2(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015462
  • Payne, R. (2014). Eye Tracking to Establish a Hierarchy of Attention with an Online Fashion Video. Shapeshifting Conference. Conference by Auckland University of Technology. Nueva Zelanda.
  • Petty, R., & Cacciopo, J. (1981). Attitudes and persuasion. Classic and Contemporary Approaches. Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown.
  • Petty, R., & Cacciopo, J. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 123-205. Nueva York: Academic Press.
  • Petty, R. Cacioppo, J., & Schumann, D. (1983). Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), 135-146. (https://goo.gl/WlUdCb) (2016-11-29).
  • Pinillos, J.L. (1975). Principios de Psicología. Madrid: Alianza.
  • Posner, M.I., & Petersen, S.E. (1990). The Attention System of the Human Brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325
  • Posner, M.I. (1980). Orienting of Attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335558008248231
  • Ramsoy, T.Z. (2015). Introduction to Neuromarketing & Consumer Neuroscience. Copenhagen: Neurons Inc.
  • Stemmler, G. (2005). Differential Psychophysiology: Person in Situations. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Timoteo, J. (2007). Neurocomunicación. Propuesta para una revisión de los fundamentos teóricos de la comunicación y sus aplicaciones industriales y sociales. Mediaciones Sociales, 1, 355-386. (https://goo.gl/NSMD8Q) (2016-12-13).
  • Treisman, A. (1964). Selective Attention in Man. British Medical Bulletin, 20, 12-16. (https://goo.gl/z3JsnO).
  • Zaltman, G. (2003). How Costumers Thinks. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.