Condicionamiento clásico en la adicción

  1. Graña Gómez, José Luis
  2. Carrobles Isabel, José Antonio
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 1991

Volumen: 3

Número: 1

Páginas: 87-96

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Se analiza el papel del condicionamiento clásico en el campo de las drogodependencias, fundamentalmente en el caso de la adicción a la morfina y derivados. En la actualidad, está claro que estos mecanismos de condicionamiento explican en gran medida el fenómeno de la tolerancia condicionada que consiste en modular los efectos de una droga por medio de las señales ambientales que están presentes en el momento de su administración. La respuesta condicionada que se produce es de signo opuesto a los efectos de la droga y se denomina respuesta condicionada compensatoria o tolerancia condicionada. El otro tipo de respuestas condicionadas son similares a los efectos de la droga, siendo el caso más típico el fenómeno de la «fantasía de la aguja». También se ha llegado a demostrar que los signos y síntomas del síndrome de abstinencia se condicionan clásicamente, lo mismo que el deseo. Estos resultados se analizan en relación con los programas de tratamiento.

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