Intervencionismo estatal durante el franquismo tardío: un análisis del condicionamiento industrial

Laburpena

This paper examines the international expansion of R&D by US multinational enterprises (MNE) during the period 1977-1994. The empirical results indicate that there has been a fundamental shift in the way MNEs organize their innovatory activity between the different corporate units which requires the traditional approach of R&D locational studies to be reconsidered. Once the uncertainty of the first stages has been overcame, innovation networks follow their own path independent from the production network ones. Its structure is determined by characteristics of the innovation process such as knowledge base, technological opportunities or appropiability and they carry out all kind of activities independently of the technological specialisation of MNE home country. Finally, this paper stress the importance of demand-side factors not only to attract adaptative R&D or technical support R&D -as the previous literature has suggested- but also research aimed to develop new products and processes, so market dynamism could be reflecting the existence of active local innovative networks as it is infered from the interactive learning approach.