Tipos de categoría semántica y modalidad de los estímulos en el aprendizaje procedimentalimplicaciones sobre los modelos de memoria semántica
ISSN: 0214-9915
Year of publication: 2010
Volume: 22
Issue: 4
Pages: 739-744
Type: Article
More publications in: Psicothema
Abstract
El presente trabajo trata de estudiar si el aprendizaje procedimental de una tarea de categorización semántica puede verse infl uido por el tipo de categoría al que pertenezcan los estímulos empleados (biológicos o no biológicos). Por otro lado, se pretende describir si existe un efecto de la modalidad de presentación de los estímulos en dicha tarea. Se administró una tarea de categorización semántica (4 series de 40 estímulos) a 256 participantes (128 clasifi caban dibujos y 128 palabras). Las categorías biológicas se responden con más rapidez que las categorías no biológicas, aunque no existen diferencias signifi cativas en la interacción del tipo de categoría y la modalidad de presentación de los estímulos. Los tiempos de reacción van disminuyendo progresivamente con la práctica. Sin embargo, las diferencias iniciales desaparecen cuando los sujetos han entrenado. Se discute acerca de cómo los modelos actuales dan cuenta de los hallazgos de esta investigación. Se sugiere, además, que existe una tendencia atencional en los individuos a favor de los elementos biológicos que se atenúa cuando los estímulos presumiblemente menos relevantes para la supervivencia emergen como relevantes en función de lo que se demanda en la tarea.
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