Riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con o sin síndrome metabólico asociado

Resumen

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Insulin resistance has been proposed as a link among the various risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the estimated risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with DM2 and to evaluate the impact of MS on cardiovascular risk in these patients by using standardized methods (risk charts). Methods: We conducted a study in patients with DM2 aged 35-75 years. Data on anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were collected. MS was diagnosed in patients who met the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP)-III and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and cardiovascular risk was estimated by the Framingham and SCORE tables. Results: We included 80 persons with DM2; 47.5% were diagnosed with MS according to the ATP-III criteria and 49% according to the IDF criteria. When gender distribution was analyzed, MS was more frequent in women (57.5%). Cardiovascular risk was then calculated for each patient and was higher in those with MS. When the results were broken down by gender, risk and cardiovascular mortality were higher in men than women, irrespective of the presence or absence of MS. Conclusions: The prevalence of MS in DM2 is very high and is more frequent in women. Cardiovascular risk is higher in patients with DM2 and MS than in those without MS. We conclude that MS confers an additional cardiovascular risk to that already conferred by DM2.