Weekend alcoholism in youth and neurocognitive aging

  1. Sanhueza, Claudia
  2. García Moreno, Luis Miguel
  3. Expósito Torrejón, Francisco Javier
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2011

Volumen: 23

Número: 2

Páginas: 209-214

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Alcoholismo de fi n de semana en jóvenes y envejecimiento neurocognitivo. Numerosos estudios han demostrado que la ingesta de alcohol provoca alteraciones neuropsicológicas que afectan a diferentes estructuras en el cerebro. La hipótesis del «envejecimiento prematuro» propone que las áreas del cerebro de alcohólicos sufren un deterioro similar al observado en la vejez. Hemos investigado si el consumo abusivo de alcohol en jóvenes ocasiona algunas alteraciones comparables a las encontradas en personas de edad avanzada. Noventa y una personas fueron divididas en cuatro grupos: a) jóvenes que abusaban del alcohol; b) jóvenes que bebían con moderación; c) jóvenes que no bebían alcohol; y d) ancianos sin deterioro cognitivo signifi cativo, y evaluados con una batería neuropsicológica. Observamos ciertas similitudes entre los resultados obtenidos por los jóvenes bebedores y los mayores, en línea con la hipótesis del envejecimiento prematuro. Las tareas que los jóvenes bebedores realizaron peor fueron las relacionadas con funciones ejecutivas, donde la corteza prefrontal juega un papel esencial. También encontramos diferencias entre los dos grupos de jóvenes bebedores (consumo alto y moderado), lo que nos lleva a pensar que la cantidad de alcohol ingerido y el patrón de consumo son factores a tener en cuenta en relación con el deterioro cognitivo.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet