Dimensionality and Transcultural Specificity of the Sexual Attraction Questionnaire (SAQ)

  1. Fernández Sánchez, Juan 1
  2. Quiroga Estévez, María Ángeles 1
  3. Icaza, Vanessa J. 2
  4. Escorial Martín, Sergio 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 Universidad Católica de Santa María
    info

    Universidad Católica de Santa María

    Arequipa, Perú

    ROR https://ror.org/027ryxs60

Revista:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Año de publicación: 2012

Volumen: 15

Número: 1

Páginas: 323-333

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/REV_SJOP.2012.V15.N1.37339 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Resumen

La atracción sexual se ha venido considerando, desde el inicio de la segunda parte del siglo XX hasta nuestros días, como un componente más de la orientación sexual. Recientemente, se han realizado algunas investigaciones de la atracción sexual considerada en sí misma. Una de las formas de valorarla ha sido mediante el CAS (Cuestionario de Atracción Sexual). Un grupo de 400 estudiantes universitarios peruanos (191 mujeres y 209 varones), con una gran diversidad curricular, cumplimentó este instrumento. Se han puesto a prueba las siguientes hipótesis: a) la estructura del instrumento, materializando dos conceptos: la atracción hacia varones y la atracción hacia mujeres, b) la existencia de una relación inversa alta entre estos dos constructos o factores; c) la incidencia diferencial de este contexto en las frecuencias con que se manifiestan algunos tipos de atracción sexual: mayor porcentaje de los no atraídos por ningún sexo y menor de los atraídos por el otro sexo, en comparación con otros contextos; y d) la predicción de Lippa (2006, 2007) de la mayor polarización de la atracción sexual en los varones que en las mujeres. Los resultados suponen un apoyo a las hipótesis planteadas, aunque se establecen determinadas matizaciones con respecto a la cuarta. Por último se discuten las ventajas, tanto teóricas como aplicadas, de la utilización de un instrumento como el CAS frente al uso, tan frecuente, de un único ítem de atracción sexual para cada sexo.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychological Association. (2008). Answers to your questions: For a better understanding of sexual orientation and homosexuality. Washington, DC: Author.
  • Berkey, B. R., Perelman-Hall, T., & Kurdek, L. A. (1990). The Multidimensional Scale of Sexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 19, 67-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J082v19n04_05
  • Bernsen, A., Tabachnick, B. G., & Pope, K. S. (1994). National survey of social workers' sexual attraction to their clients: Results, implications, and comparison to psychologists. Ethics & Behavior, 4, 369-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327019eb0404_4
  • Bogaert, A. F. (2004). Asexuality: Prevalence and associated factors in a national probability sample. The Journal of Sex Research, 41, 279-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552235
  • Bogaert, A. F. (2006). Toward a conceptual understanding of asexuality. Review of General Psychology, 10, 241-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.10.3.241
  • Buss, D. M. (2003). The evolution of desire. Strategies of human mating (Rev. Ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Busseri, M. A., Willoughby, T., Chalmers, H., & Bogaert, A. F. (2008). On the association between sexual attraction and adolescent risk behavior involvement: Examining mediation and moderation. Developmental Psychology, 44, 69-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.69
  • Coleman, E. (1987). Assessment of sexual orientation. Journal of Homosexuality, 14, 9-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J082v14n01_02
  • Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. London, England: Murray.
  • D'augelli, A. R., & Patterson, C. J. (2001). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities and youth: Psychological perspectives. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Davis, C. M., Yarber, W. L., Bauserman, R., Schreer, G., & Davis, S. L. (1997). Handbook of sexuality-related measures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Diamond, L. M. (2003). What does sexual orientation orient? A biobehavioral model distinguishing romantic love and sexual desire. Developmental Review, 110, 173-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.110.1.173
  • Diamond, L. M. (2008). Sexual fluidity: Understanding women's love and desire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2005). Universal sex differences across patriarchal cultures ≠ evolved psychological dispositions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 281-283.
  • Fernández, J., Quiroga, M. A., & Del Olmo, I. (2006a). Is there any relationship between sexual attraction and gender typology? The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 9, 3-9.
  • Fernández, J., Quiroga, M. A., & Del Olmo, I. (2006b). Is sexual attraction independent of the instrumental and expressive traits? The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 9, 162-170.
  • Fernández, J., Quiroga, M. A., & Rodríguez, A. (2006). Dimensionalidad de la atracción sexual [Sexual attraction: Its dimensionality]. Psicothema, 18, 392-399.
  • Fernández, J., Quiroga, M. A., Del Olmo, I., Buizza, C, & Imbasciati, A. (2009). Temporal stability and cross-national consistency of the dimensional structure of the Sexual Attraction Questionnaire (SAQ). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12, 725-736.
  • Ferrando, P. J. (1996). Evaluación de la unidimensionalidad de los ítems mediante análisis factorial [Assessing the unidimensionaliy of a set of items using factor-analytic procedures]. Psicothema, 8, 397-410.
  • Galliher, R. V., Rostosky, S. S., & Hughes, H. K. (2004). School belonging, self-esteem, depressive symptoms in adolescents: An examination of sex, sexual attraction status, and urbanicity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 235-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOYO.0000025322.11510.9d
  • Giovazolias, T., & Davis, P. (2001). How common is sexual attraction towards clients? The experiences of sexual attraction of counselling psychologist toward their clients and its impact on the therapeutic process. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 14, 281-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070110100974
  • Harris, S. M. (2001). Teaching family therapists about sexual attraction in therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 27, 123-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2001.tb01145.x
  • Harris, S. M., & Harriger, D. J. (2009). Sexual attraction in conjoint therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 209-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926180802152032
  • Herdt, G., & McClintock, M. (2000). The magical age of 10. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 587-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002006521067
  • Hinderliter, A. C. (2009). Methodological issues for studying asexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 619-621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9502-x
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (2004) Interactive LISREL for MS Windows Opening Systems. Chicago, CA: Scientific Software International.
  • Klein, F. (1990). The need to view sexual orientation as a multivariable dynamic process: A theoretical perspective. In D. P. McWhirter, S. A. Sanders, & J. M. Reinisch (Eds.), Homosexuality/heterosexuality: Concepts of sexual orientation (pp. 277-282). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Ladany, N., O'Brien, K. M., Hill, C. E., Melincoff, D. S., Knox, S., & Petersen, D. A. (1997). Sexual attraction toward clients, use of supervision, and prior training: A qualitative study of predoctoral psychology interns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 413-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.44.4.413
  • Landau, M. J., Goldengerg, J. L., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Martens, A., Pyszczynski, T.... Gillath, O. (2006). The siren's call: Terror management and the threat if men's sexual attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 129-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.129
  • Langlois, J. H., Halakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxism or myths of beauty? A metaanalytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 390-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.390
  • Lippa, R. A. (2006). Is high sex drive associated with increased sexual attraction to both sexes? Psychological Science, 17, 46-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01663.x
  • Lippa, R. A. (2007). The relation between sex drive and sexual attraction to men and women: A cross-national study of heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 209-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9146-z
  • McClintock, M. K., & Herdt, G. (1996), Rethinking puberty: The development of sexual attraction. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5, 178-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512422
  • Paul, C., Fitzjohn, J., Eberhart-Phillips, P., Herbison, P., & Dickson, N. (2000). Sexual abstinence at age 21 in New Zealand: The importance of religion. Social Sciences and Medicine, 51, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00425-6
  • Pope, K. S., Keith-Spiegel, P., Tabachnick, B. G. (2006). Sexual attraction to clients: The human therapist and the (sometimes) inhuman training system. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 8, 96-111. (Reprinted from American Psychologist, 1986, 41, 147-158). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.2.147
  • Reis, H. T., & Sprecher, S. K. (2009). Encyclopedia of human relationships (p. 135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Rostosky, S. S., Owens, G., Zimmerman, R. S., & Riggle, E. D. B. (2003). Associations among sexual attraction status, school belonging, and alcohol and marijuana use in rural high school students. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 741-751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.09.002
  • Schreider, J. B., Stage, F. K., King, J., Nora, A., & Barlow, E. A. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Education Research, 99, 323-337.
  • Sell, R. L. (1996). The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation: Background and scoring. Journal of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Identity, 1, 295-310.
  • Sell, R. L. (1997). Defining and measuring sexual orientation: A review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26, 643-658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024528427013
  • Sell, R. L., & Becker, J. B. (2001). Sexual orientation data collection and progress toward healthy people 2010. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 876-882. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.6.876
  • Stokes, J. P., Miller, R. L., & Mundhenk, R. (1998). Toward an understanding of behaviorally bisexual men: The influence of context and culture. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 7, 101-113.
  • Weinrich, J. D., Snyder, P. J., Pillard, R. C., Grant, I., Jacobson, D. L., Robinson, S. R., & McCutchan, J. A. (1993). A factor analysis of the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid in two disparate samples. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22, 157-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01542364
  • Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2002). A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of men and women: Implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 699-727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.699
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet