El efecto de la experiencia sobre el reconocimiento de la expresión emocional facial de ira y miedo por parte de Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado

  1. López Pérez, Rafael
  2. Pérez Nieto, Miguel Ángel
  3. González Ordi, Héctor
Revista:
EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación

ISSN: 1579-0207

Año de publicación: 2011

Volumen: 10

Número: 2

Páginas: 215-230

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación

Resumen

El presente estudio analiza cómo influye la experiencia profesional de los miembros de los Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado sobre la destreza en el reconocimiento de las emociones de ira y miedo a través de la expresión facial. La destreza es medida mediante los aciertos y la latencia de respuesta, presentando a la muestra un cuestionario visual elaborado con expresiones faciales de ira y miedo. Los resultados arrojan que la experiencia no correlaciona significativamente con el número de aciertos obtenidos, pero sí con la rapidez en la respuesta, pero en este caso en sentido inverso al esperado, ya que la experiencia incrementa la latencia de respuesta. Este efecto se producirá sólo en el caso de la emoción de miedo, siendo escasa la significación para el caso de la emoción de ira.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Becker, M. W. (2010). The effectiveness of a gaze cue depends on the facial expression of emotion: evidence from simultaneous competing cues. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(7), 1814-1824.
  • Biehl, M., Matsumoto, D., Ekman, P., Hearn, V., Heider, K., Kudoh, T., et al. (1997). Matsumoto and Ekman’s Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE): Reliability Data and Cross-National Differences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21(1), 3-21.
  • Bloom, E., y Heath, N. (2010). Recognition, expression, and understanding facial expressions of emotion in adolescents with nonverbal and general learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil, 43(2), 180-192.
  • Clark, U. S., Neargarder, S., y Cronin-Golomb, A. (2010). Visual exploration of emotional facial expressions in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 48(7), 1901-1913.
  • Cremers, H. R., Demenescu, L. R., Aleman, A., Renken, R., van Tol, M.-J., van der Wee, N. J. A., et al. (2010). Neuroticism modulates amygdala-prefrontal connectivity in response to negative emotional facial expressions. Neuroimage, 49(1), 963-970.
  • Croker, V., y McDonald, S. (2005). Recognition of emotion from facial expression following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 19(10), 787-799.
  • Csukly, G., Telek, R., Filipovits, D., Takács, B., Unoka, Z., y Simon, L. (2011). What is the relationship between the recognition of emotions and core beliefs: Associations between the recognition of emotions in facial expressions and the maladaptive schemas in depressed patients. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(1), 129-137.
  • Dag, E. S. (2010). Examination of facial expressions in illustrated pre-school children books in relation to “Signifier and Signified”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 2957-2961.
  • Ekman, P. (1980). Asymmetry in facial expression. Science, 209(4458), 833-834.
  • Ekman, P. (1992). Facial expressions of emotion: an old controversy and new findings. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, 335(1273), 63-69.
  • Ekman, P. (1993). Facial Expression and Emotion. American Psychologist, 48(4), 384-392.
  • Ekman, P. (1994). Strong Evidence for Universals in Facial Expressions: A Reply to Russell’s Mistaken Critique. Psychological Bulletin, 115(2), 268-287.
  • Ekman, P. (2003). Darwin, deception, and facial expression. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1000, 205-221.
  • Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., y Ellsworth, P. C. (1972). Emotion on the human face. Elmsford, Nueva York: Pergamon.
  • Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O’Sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., et al. (1987). Universals and Cultural Differences in the Judgments of Facial Expressions of Emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(4), 712-717.
  • Ekman, P., Liebert, R., y Friesen, W. V. (1974). Facial expression of emotion while watching television violence. West J Med, 120(4), 310-311.
  • Ekman, P., y O’Sullivan, M. (1988). The role of context in interpreting facial expression: comment on Russell and Fehr (1987). Journal of Experimental Psychology, 117(1), 86-90.
  • Ekman, P., y Oster, H. (1979). Facial expressions of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 30, 527-554.
  • Etxeberría, I., Apocada, P., Ortiz, M.J., Fuentes, M.J., y López, F. (2009). Emociones morales y conducta en niños y niñas. Edupsykhé, 8, 3-21.
  • Fernández-Abascal, E. G. (1997). Psicología General. Motivación y Emoción. Madrid: Ramón Areces.
  • Fernández-Carriba, S., Loeches, Á., Morcillo, A., y Hopkins, W. D. (2002). Asymmetry in facial expression of emotions by chimpanzees. Neuropsychologia, 40(9), 1523-1533.
  • Frank, M. G. (2001). Facial Expressions. En J. S. Neil y B. B. Paul (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 5230-5234). Oxford: Pergamon.
  • Frijda, N. H. (1958). Facial expression and situational cues. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 57(2), 149-154.
  • Frijda, N. H., y Van De Geer, J. P. (1961). Codability and recognition: An experiment with facial expressions. Acta Psychologica, 18, 360-367.
  • Gross, D., y Vrana, S. R. (2001). Facial reactions to facial expressions: Effects of neutral expressions, speech anxiety, and gender. Psychophysiology, 38, S46- S46.
  • Gyurjyan, G., Froming, W. J., y Froming, K. B. (2005). Comprehension of facial expressions and prosody in Asperger Syndrome. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19(3-4), 531-532.
  • Ickes, W., Gesn, P. R., y Graham, T. (2000). Gender differences in empathic accuracy: Differential ability or differential motivation? Personal Relationships, 7(1), 95-109.
  • Ioannou, S. V., Raouzaiou, A. T., Tzouvaras, V. A., Mailis, T. P., Karpouzis, K. C., y Kollias, S. D. (2005). Emotion recognition through facial expression analysis based on a neurofuzzy network. Neural Networks, 18(4), 423-435.
  • Iria, C., Barbosa, F., y Paixao, R. (2010). Psychophysiological arousal in a task of identification of emotions in facial expressions in antisocials. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 77(3), 274-274.
  • Izard, C. E. (1982). The Psychology of Emotion Comes of Age on the Coattails of Darwin. Contemporary Psychology, 27(6), 426-429.
  • Izard, C. E. (1990). Facial Expressions and the Regulation of Emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(3), 487-498.
  • Jenness, A. (1932). The recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Psychological Bulletin, 29(5), 324-350.
  • Keltner, D. (1996). Facial Expressions of Emotion and Personality. En M. Carol y H. M. Susan (Eds.), Handbook of Emotion, Adult Development, and Aging (pp. 385-401). San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Kring, A. M., y Sloan, D. M. (2007). The Facial Expression Coding System (FACES): Development, Validation, and Utility. Psychological Assessment, 19(2), 210-224.
  • Lang, P. J. (1968). Fear reduction and fear behavior: problems in treating a construct. En J. M. Shleien (Ed.), Research in psychotherapy (Vol. 3). Washington: American Psychological Association.
  • Lang, P. J. (1978). Anxiety: Forward of psychophysiological definition. En H. S. Akiskal y W. L. Webb (Eds.), Psychiatric diagnosis: Exploration of biological criteria. Nueva York: Spectrum.
  • Langfeld, H. S. (1918). Judgments of facial expression and suggestion. Psychological Review, 25(6), 488-494.
  • Lanzetta, J. T., y Orr, S. P. (1980). Influence of facial expressions on the classical conditioning of fear. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1081-1087.
  • Larochette, A.-C., Chambers, C. T., y Craig, K. D. (2006). Genuine, suppressed and faked facial expressions of pain in children. Pain, 126(1-3), 64-71.
  • Ludemann, P. M., y Nelson, C. A. (1988). Categorical Representation of Facial Expressions by 7-Month-Old Infants. Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 492-501.
  • Mann, S., Vrij, A., y Bull, R. (2004). Detecting true lies: police officers’ ability to detect suspects’ lies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 137-149.
  • Matsumoto, D., y Lee, M. (1993). Consciousness, Volition, and the Neuropsychology of Facial Expressions of Emotion. Consciousness and Cognition, 2(3), 237-254.
  • Matsumoto, D., LeRoux, J., Wilson-Cohn, C., Raroque, J., Kooken, K., Ekman, P., et al. (2000). A New Test to Measure Emotion Recognition Ability: Matsumoto and Ekman’s Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test (JACBART). Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24(3), 179-209.
  • Matsumoto, D., y Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Noncongenitally Blind Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 1-10.
  • Matsumoto, J., y Eckman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) and Neutral Faces (JACNeuF).
  • McAlonan, G., Critchley, H., Daly, E., Phillips, M., Brammer, M., Bullmore, E., et al. (2000). Processing facial expressions: An fMRI study. Schizophrenia Research, 41(1), 138-138.
  • McLellan, T., Johnston, L., Dalrymple-Alford, J., y Porter, R. (2008). The recognition of facial expressions of emotion in Alzheimer’s disease: a review of findings. Acta Neuropsychiatrica October, 20(5), 236-250.
  • Mill, A., Allik, J., Realo, A., y Valk, R. (2009). Age-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition Ability: A Cross-Sectional Study. [doi: DOI: 10.1037/a0016562]. Emotion, 9(5), 619-630.
  • North, M. S., Todorov, A., y Osherson, D. N. (2010). Inferring the preferences of others from spontaneous, low-emotional facial expressions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(6), 1.109-1.113.
  • Öhman, A. (1986). Psychophysiology of emotion: An evolutionary cognitive perspective. En A. K. Ackles, J. R. Jennings y M. G. H. Coles (Eds.), Advances in Psychophysiology (Vol. 2, pp. 197-226). Toronto: JAI Press.
  • Parr, L. A. (2009). Facial Expression in Primate Communication. En R. S. Larry (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (pp. 193-200). Oxford: Academic Press.
  • Parr, L. A., Waller, B. M., y Heintz, M. (2008). Facial Expression Categorization by Chimpanzees Using Standardized Stimuli. Emotion, 8(2), 216-231.
  • Pham, T. H., y Philippot, P. (2010). Decoding of facial expression of emotion in criminal psychopaths. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(4), 445-459.
  • Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion. Nueva York: Harper & Row.
  • Ruffman, T., Sullivan, S., y Dittrich, W. (2009). Older adults’ recognition of bodily and auditory expressions of emotion. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 614-622.
  • Ruffman, T., Sullivan, S., y Edge, N. (2006). Differences in the way older and younger adults rate threat in faces but not situations. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(4), P187-194.
  • Sommer, M., Döhnel, K., Meinhardt, J., y Hajak, G. (2008). Decoding of affective facial expressions in the context of emotional situations. Neuropsychologia, 46(11), 2.615-2.621.
  • Susskind, J. M., Littlewort, G., Bartlett, M. S., Movellan, J., y Anderson, A. K. (2007). Human and computer recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Neuropsychologia, 45(1), 152-162.
  • Tomkins, S. (1984). Affect Theory. En K. Scherer y P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to Emotion
  • Tomkins, S. (1984). Affect Theory. En K. Scherer y P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to Emotion. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Wagner, A. W., y Linehan, M. M. (1999). Facial expression recognition ability among women with borderline personality disorder: implications for emotion regulation? Journal of Personality Disorders, 13(4), 329-344.
  • Whittington, J., y Holland, T. (2011). Recognition of emotion in facial expression by people with Prader-Willi syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(1), 75-84.
  • Wilkowski, B. M., y Meier, B. P. (2010). Bring It On: Angry Facial Expressions Potentiate Approach-Motivated Motor Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 201-210.
  • Yoon, K. L., Hong, S. W., Joormann, J., y Kang, P. (2009). Perception of Facial Expressions of Emotion During Binocular Rivalry. Emotion, 9(2), 172-182.
  • Zeinstra, G. G., Koelen, M. A., Colindres, D., Kok, F. J., y de Graaf, C. (2009). Facial expressions in school-aged children are a good indicator of “dislikes, but not of likes”. Food Quality and Preference, 20(8), 620-624.