Salud mental y malestar emocional en pacientes con cáncer

  1. Hernández, Manuel
  2. Cruzado Rodríguez, Juan Antonio
  3. Prado, Carmen
  4. Rodríguez, Emilio
  5. Hernández Pascual, Cristina
  6. González Torres, Miguel Ángel
  7. Martín Urreta, Juan Carlos
Revista:
Psicooncología: investigación y clínica biopsicosocial en oncología

ISSN: 1696-7240

Año de publicación: 2012

Título del ejemplar: Screening del malestar emocional en pacientes de cáncer y sus familiares

Volumen: 9

Número: 2-3

Páginas: 233-257

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicooncología: investigación y clínica biopsicosocial en oncología

Resumen

Objetivo: Conocer los problemas de salud mental y de malestar psíquico de los pacientes con cáncer, las barreras que pueden incidir en su escasa detección y en la falta de atención psicológica específica a los pacientes que la precisan, así como las vías que clínicos e investigadores están desarrollando para solventarlas. Un conocimiento real de estos problemas facilitaría el diseño, implementación o mejora de los recursos asistenciales, para el paciente oncológico. Método: Revisión bibliográfica de las investigaciones sobre el tema en las últimas décadas. Resultados: Los pacientes con cáncer presentan elevada prevalencia de trastornos psico-patológicos y síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y malestar emocional (distress), en distintos momentos de la enfermedad, relacionados con diversos factores médicos, físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Los datos no permiten concluir sobre la prevalencia real puntual de dichos trastornos y síntomas, debido a las diferentes metodologías de investigación, y menos aun sobre su evolución durante la enfermedad, y en momentos posteriores a la misma, para conocer los posibles factores predictivos de empeoramiento o protección. Diversas barreras dificultan una adecuada evaluación psicológica a los pacientes con cáncer, lo que conlleva una falta de atención específica y especializada cuando se precisa, un empeoramiento clínico de esos pacientes, y dificultades de adherencia a los tratamientos médicos. Las vías de solución favorecidas en la última década son la formación a los profesionales sanitarios en herramientas de comunicación y el desarrollo de herramientas de detección de trastornos mentales y malestar emocional adecuadas a la realidad clínica de los pacientes, con resultados dispares. Conclusiones: Es preciso seguir mejorando los sistemas de detección de problemas de salud mental y de malestar emocional en pacientes oncológicos, para darles la atención psicológica específica cuando se precise. Un conocimiento real de estos problemas favorecerá el diseño de programas asistenciales especializados en psicooncología y psicología clínica. Es necesaria la coordinación y accesibilidad del psicólogo en los equipos médicos

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet