Elaboración y validación de una escala para diagnosticar los miedos en el proceso de búsqueda de empleo
ISSN: 1139-7853, 1989-7448
Année de publication: 2011
Volumen: 22
Número: 1
Pages: 80-92
Type: Article
D'autres publications dans: Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía
Résumé
Job-searching related fears have been previously studied through related concepts such as anxiety and emotional control. Though literature is scarce about job-search fears, some studies state that there are different kinds of fears in this situation which are related to success in job finding. The aim of the study is to create a scale to evaluate fears in job search. The final scale is made up of 29 items. The total sample, included 283 people and had an approximately equal distribution of men and women and their mean age was 27 years-old. Factor analysis (principal axes and oblimin Kaiser normalization) yielded six factors that accounted for the 60% of the variance. Total reliability of the scale was .93 (Cronbach’s alfa). Reliability of each factor was equal or higher than .75. Factors are named fear of failure, fear of overwork, fear of selection processes, fear of not being able to develop one’s talent at work, fear of unknown future and fear of making a bad impression on others. The study has shown the need to assess these kind of fears and to intervene through career guidance if they are high in order to increase job-seekers’ chances of success.
Références bibliographiques
- Aramburu-Zabala, L. (1998). Determinantes psicosociales de la búsqueda de empleo. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 14, 315-331.
- Aramburu-Zabala, L., & Fernández, J. (1990). Mabem: manual de acción para la búsqueda de empleo de la mujer. Madrid: Instituto de la Mujer-Instituto Nacional de Empleo.
- Aramburu-Zabala, L., & Fernández, J. (1994). Mobile: módulos de orientación, búsqueda, información y localización de empleo. Manual del alumno. Madrid: C.S. de CC.OO.
- Ashforth, B.E., & Humphrey, R.H. (1995). Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal. Human Relations, 48, 97-125.
- Ashkanasy, N.M., & Nicholson, G.J. (2003). Climate of fear in organizational settings: Construct definition, measurement and a test of theory. Australian Journal of Psychology, 55(1), 24-29.
- Barber, A. E., Daly, C. L., Giannantonio, C. M., & Philips, J. M. (1994). Job search activities: An examination of changes over time. Personnel Psychology, 47, 739-765.
- Barsade, S.G., & Gibson, D.E. (2007). Why does affect matter in organizations? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21 (1), 36-59.
- Burger, J.M., & Caldwell, D.F. (2000). Personality, social activities, job-search behavior and interview success: Distinguishing between PANAS trait positive affect and NEO extraversion. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 51-62.
- Clarkson, M. (2003). Intelligent fear: How to make fear work for you. New York: Marlowe & Co.
- Crossley, C.D., & Stanton, J.M. (2005). Negative affect and job search: Further examination of the reverse causation hypothesis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 549-560.
- DRAE (1992). Diccionario de la lengua española (21st ed.). Madrid: Real Academia de la Lengua Española.
- Feather, N.T. (1992). Expectancy-value theory and unemployment effects. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 65, 315-330.
- Goldsmith, A. H., Veum, J. R., & Darity, W., Jr. (1996). The impact of labor force history on self-esteem and its component parts, anxiety, alienation and depression. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 183-220.
- Guindon, M.H., & Smith, B. (2002). Emotional barriers to successful reemployment: Implications for counselors. Journal of Employment Counseling, 39, 73-82.
- Jericó, P. (2006) No miedo: en la empresa y en la vida. Barcelona: Alienta.
- Kanfer, R., Wanberg, C.R., & Kantrowitz, T. M. (2001). Job search and employment: A personality-motivational analysis and meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 837-855.
- Kaplan, S., Bradley, J.C., Luchman, J.N., & Haynes, D. (2009). On the role of positive and negative affectivity in job performance: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (1), 162-176.
- Krumboltz, J.D., Mitchell, A.M., & Brian Jones, G. (1976). A social learning theory of career selection. The Counseling Psychologist, 6 (1), 71-81.
- Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Magnus, K., Diener, E., Fujita, F., & Pavot, W. (1993). Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors of objective life events: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1046-1053.
- Ryan, K.D., & Oestreich, D.K. (1998). Driving fear out of the workplace: Creating the high-trust, high-performance organization, (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass/Pfeiffer.
- Saks, A.M., & Ashforth, B.E. (2000). Change in job search behaviors and employment outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 277-287.
- Schat, A.C.H., & Kelloway, E.K. (2003). Reducing the adverse consequences of workplace aggression and violence: The buffering effects of organizational support. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8, 110-122.
- Schmit, M., Amel, E. L., & Ryan, A. M. (1993). Self-reported assertive job-seeking behaviors of minimally educated job hunters. Personnel Psychology, 46, 105-124.
- Wanberg, C.R. (1997). Antecedents and outcomes of coping behaviors among unemployed and reemployed individuals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 731-744.
- Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
- Yang, E. & Gysbers, N.C. (2007). Career transitions of College Seniors. The Career Development Quarterly, 56 (2), 157-170. (pp. 80- 92) R