Monitorización de niveles plasma de antipsicóticos atípicos

  1. Verdura Vizcaíno, Ernesto
  2. Ballesteros Sanz, Daniel
  3. Sanz Fuentenebro, Javier
Revista:
Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría

ISSN: 0211-5735

Año de publicación: 2012

Volumen: 32

Número: 115

Páginas: 499-519

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4321/S0211-57352012000300005 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría

Resumen

Introducción: El estudio de la concentración de psicofármaco en sangre o en suero permite individualizar el perfil farmacocinético del sujeto tratado. Esto se conoce como monitorización de fármacos. Actualmente se pueden analizar antidepresivos, antipsicóticos, estabilizadores del ánimo, fármacos sustitutivos de los opioides, ansiolíticos e hipnóticos. Objetivos: Revisar el estado actual del conocimiento sobre monitorización de antipsicóticos, de utilidad tanto para evaluar la adherencia terapéutica como para conocer la concentración del fármaco en plasma. Metodología: Se revisaron los trabajos publicados sobre monitorización de antipsicóticos desde 1975 hasta 2010. Como fuente de información se empleó: Embase, Medline y Pubmed. Conclusiones: La monitorización de antipsicóticos, así como de otros psicofármacos, es una práctica establecida que debe conocerse y ser objeto de actualización por parte del psiquiatra interesado en un ejercicio terapéutico basado en datos objetivos.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • (1) No authors listed. Tricyclic antidepressants blood level measurements and clinical outcome: an APA Task Force report. Task Force on the Use ofLaboratory Tests in Psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry, 1985 Feb; 142: 155-62.
  • (2) Orsulak PJ. Therapeutic monitoring of antidepressant drugs: guidelines updated. Ther Drug Monit 1989 Sep; 11: 497-507.
  • (3) Baumann P, Hiemke C. The AGNP TDM Expert Group Consensus Guidelines: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004; 37: 243-265.
  • (4) Mark W Linder and Paul E. Keck, Jr. Standards of laboratory practice: antidepressant drug monitoring. Clinical Chem. 1998; 44: 1073-1084.
  • (5) Riederer P, Laux G. Therapeutic drug monitoring of psychotropics: report of a consensus conference. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1992; 25: 271–272.
  • (6) Mann K, Hiemke C, Schmidt LG, Bates DW, et al. Appropriateness of therapeutic drug monitoring for antidepressants in routine psychiatric impatient care. Ther Drug Monit. 2006; 28: 83-8.
  • (7) Taylor D, Paton C and Kapur S. The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines 10Th edition. London; Informa healthcare, 2009; 1-6.
  • (8) Musenga A, Saracino MA, Sani G, Raggi MA. Antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs in bipolar disorder: the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring. Curren Medicinal Chemistry. 2009; 16: 1463-81.
  • (9) Zhang G, Jr AV, BArlett MG. Bioanalytical methods for the determination of antipsychotic drugs. Biomed. Chromatogr. 2008 Jul; 22: 671-87.
  • (10) Mauri M.C. Volonteri L.S. Colasanti A. Fiorentini A. De Gaspari I.F. Bareggi S.R.Clinical Pharmacokinetics of atypical antipsychotics: A critical review of the relationship between plasma concentrations and clinical response. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2007; 46: 359-388.
  • (11) Müller MJ, Regenbogen B, Härter S, Eich FX, Hiemke C. Therapeutic drug monitoring for optimizing amisulpride therapy in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2007 Oct; 41: 673-9
  • (12) Müller MJ, Eich Fx, Regenbogen B, Sachse J, Härter S, Hiemke C. Amisulpride doses and plasma levels in different age groups of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychopharmacol. 2009 May; 23: 278-86.
  • (13) Schwartz JB. The influence of sex on pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003; 42:107–121.
  • (14) Sparshatt A, Taylor D, Patel MX, Kapur S. Amisulpride-dose, plasma concentration, occupancy and response: implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009 Dec; 120: 416-28.
  • (15) Müller MJ, Regenbogen B, Sachse J, Eich Fx, Härter S, Hiemke C. Gender aspects in the clinical treatment of schizophrenic inpatients with amisulpride: a therapeutic drug monitoring study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2006 Mar; 39: 41-6.
  • (16) Bergemann N, Kopitz J, Kress KR, Frick A. Plasma amisulpride levels in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004 May; 14: 245:50.
  • (17) Davis J.M. Chen N. Dose Response and Dose Equivalence of Antipsychotics. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004; 24: 192-208.
  • (18) Kirschbaum KM, et al. Serum levels of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole, clinical response and side effects. World j Biol Psychiatr. 2008; 9: 212-8.
  • (19) Molden E. Lunde H, Lunder N, Refsum H. Pharmacokinetic variability of aripiprazole and the active metabolite dehydroaripiprazole in psychiatric patients. Ther Drug Monit. 2006 Dec; 28: 744-9.
  • (20) Hu R, Malhotra A, Pickar D. Predicting Response to Clozapine. CNS Drugs 1998 Apr; 11: 317-326.
  • (21) Meltzer H. EFfects of six months of clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1990; 41:892-897.
  • (22) Spina E, Avenoso A. Relationship between plasma concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine and therapeutic response in patients with schizophrenia resistant to conventional neuroleptics. Psychopharmacol. 2000 Jan; 148: 83-89.
  • (23) Jann MW, Grimsley SR, Gray EC, Chang Wen-Ho. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clozapine. Clin. Pharmacokinet 2003 24:161–176.
  • (24) Edge S. C. Et al. Clozapine drug-drug interactions: a review of the literature. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 1997 12: 5–20.
  • (25) Tang Y, Mao P. Gender, age, smoking behaviour and plasma clozapine concentrations in 193 chinese inpatients with schizophrenia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 July; 64(1): 49–56.
  • (26) Freman DJ, Oyewumi LK. Will routine therapeutic drug monitoring have a place in clozapine therapy? Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Feb; 32: 93-100.
  • (27) Citrome L. Volavka J. Optimal Dosing of atypical antipsychotics in adults: A review of the current evidence. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2002; 10: 280-291.
  • (28) Devinsky, O.; Honigfeld, G.; and Patin, J. Clozapine-related seizures. Neurology, 1991; 41 :369-371.
  • (29) Olesen V. Clozapine serum levels and side effects during steady state treatment of schizophrenic patients: a cross-sectional study. Psychopharmacology. 1995 Feb; 117 :371-8.
  • (30) VanderZwaag C. Response of patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia to clozapine within three serum level ranges. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 1579-158.
  • (31) Olesen OV. Therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine treatment. Clin. Pharmacokinet 1998 Jun; 34: 497-502.
  • (32) Spina E, Avenoso A et al. Relationship between plasma concentrations of clozapine and norclozapina and therapeutic response in patients with schizophrenia resistant to conventional neuroleptics. Psychopharmacol. 2000 Jan; 148: 83-9.
  • (33) Khan AY, Preskorn SH, et al. Examining concentration-dependent toxicity of clozapine: role of therapeutic drug monitoring. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005 Sep; 11: 289-301.
  • (34) Szegedi, I. Anghelescu, J.Wiesner. Addition of low dose fluvoxamine to low dose clozapine monotherapy in schizophrenia: Drug Monitoring and Tolerability data from a Prospective Clinical Trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 1999; 32: 148, 153.
  • (35) Hiemke C, Weigman H, Härtter S, Dahmen N, Wetzel H,. Müller H. Elevated levels of clozapine in serum after addition of fluvoxamine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994; 14: 279-281.
  • (36) Brouwers EE, Söhne M, Kuioers S, Huitema AD, et al. Ciprofloxacin strongly inhibits clozapine metabolism: two case reports. Clin Drug Investig. 2009; 29: 59-63.
  • (37) Kelly DL, Richardson CM, Yu Y, Conley RR, et al. Plasma concentrations of high-dose olanzapine in a double-blind crossover study. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2006 Aug; 21: 393-8.
  • (38) Weiss U, Marksteiner J, Kemmler G, Saria A, Aichhorn W, et al. Effects of age and sex on olanzapine plasma concentrations. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Dec; 25: 570-4.
  • (39) Aravagiri M, Ames D, Wirshing WC, Marder SR, et al. Plasma level monitoring of olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia: determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Ther Drug Monit. 1997 Jun; 19: 307-13.
  • (40) Bergemann N, Frick A, Parzer P, Kopitz J, et al. Olanzapine plasma concentration, average daily dose, and interaction with co-medication in schizophrenic patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004 Mar; 37: 63-8.
  • (41) Fellows L, Ahmad F, Castle DJ, Disco LJ, Bulsara MK, Ilett KF. Investigation of target plasma concentration-effect relationships for olanzapine in schizophrenia. Ther Drug Monit 2003 Dec; 25: 682-9.
  • (42) Robertson MD, McMullin MM, et al. Olanzapine concentrations in clinical serum and postmortem blood specimens--when does therapeutic become toxic? Forensic Sci 2000 Mar; 45: 418-21.
  • (43) Lindsay DeVane C. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Quetiapine: An Atypical Antipsychotic. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001; 40 : 509-522.
  • (44) Darwish M, Bond M, Hellriegel ET, Youakim JM, Yang R, Robertson P Jr. Investigation of a Possible Interaction Between Quetiapine and Armodafinil in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Open-Label, Multiple-Dose Study. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print]
  • (45) Hiemke C, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of new antipsychotic drugs. Ther Drug Monit. 2004 Apr; 26: 156-60.
  • (46) Castberg I, Skogvoll E, Spigset O, et al. Quetiapine and drug interactions: evidence from a routine therapeutic drug monitoring service. J Clin Psychiatry 2007 Oct; 28: 1540-5.
  • (47) Dragicevic A,Trotzauer D, Hiemke C, Muller MJ. Gender and age effects on quetiapine serum concentrations in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders, 2005. Lecture presented at the 24th Symposium of the AGNP, 5–8 October, Munich.
  • (48) Wilson W. A visual Guide to Expected Blood Levels of Long Acting Injectable Risperidone in Clinical Practice. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2004 Nov; 10: 393-401.
  • (49) Eresshefsky et al. Comparision of the effects of different routes of antipsychotic administration on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 18-23.
  • (50) Olesen OV, Licht RW, Thomsen E, Bruun T, Viftrup JE, Linnet K. Serum concentrations and side effects in psychiatric patients Turing risperidone therapy. Ther Drug Monit Aug; 1998: 380-4.
  • (51) Lane HY, Chiu WC, Chou JC. Risperidone in acutely exacerbated schizophrenia: doping strategies and plasma levels. Clin Psychiattry, 2000 Mar; 61 : 209-14.
  • (52) Aveosos A, Facciolá G, Salemi M. Determination of Risperidone and its major metabolite 9-OH-Risperidone in human plasma by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultravioleta detection. Journal Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000; 746: 173-181.
  • (53) Spina E. Avenoso A. and cols. Relationship between plasma risperidone and 9 OH risperidone concentrations and clinical response in patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology. 2001 Jan; 153 : 238-43.
  • (54) Ereshefsky L. Mannaert E. Pharmacokinetic profile and clinical efficacy of long acting risperidone: Potential benefits combining an atypical antipsychotic and a new delivery system. Drugs in R and D. 2005; 6 : 129-137.
  • (55) Riedel M, Schwarz MJ, Strassnig M, Spellmann L, Müller-Arends A, Weber K, et al. Risperidone plasma levels, clinical response and side effects. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005.
  • (56) Mauri MC, Laini V. Long Term Treatment of chronic schizophrenia with risperidone: a study with plasma levels. Eur. Psychiatry 2001; 16:57-63.
  • (57) Volonteri LS, Cerveri G, De Gaspari IF, Bali ML, Rolandi ML, Mencacci C, et al. Longacting injectable risperidone and metabolic ratio: a possible index of clinical outcome in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacology (2010) 210: 489–497.
  • (58) Lane HY, Chiu WC, Chou JC, Wu ST, Su MH, Chang WH. Risperidone in acutely exacerbated schizophrenia: dosing strategies and plasma levels. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Mar; 61 : 209-14.
  • (59) Taylor D. Risperidone long-acting injection in practice, more questions than answers? Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Jul; 114 : 1-2.
  • (60) Nyberg S, Eriksson B, Oxenstierna G, Halldin C, Farde L. Suggested minimal effective dose of risperidone based on PET-measured D2 and 5-HT2A receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Jun; 156 : 869-75.
  • (61) Kane J, Canas F, Kramer M, Ford L, Gassmann-Mayer C, Eerdekens M, et al. et al Treatment of schizophrenia with paliperidone extended-release tablets: A 6−week placebo−controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2007; 90:147–161.
  • (62) Kramer M, Simpson G, Macciulis V et al Paliperidone extended−release tablets for prevention of symptom recurrence in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007; 27 :6–14.
  • (63) Nazirizadeh Y, Vogel F, Bader W, Haen E, Pfuhlmann, Hiemke C, et al. Serum concentrations of paliperidone versus risperidone and clinical effects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010 ;66: 797–803.
  • (64) Farde L, Nordström AL, Wiesel FA, Pauli S, Hallidin C, Sedvall G. Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Relation to extrapyramidal side effects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 538–544.
  • (65) Kapur S, Zipursky R, Jones C, Remington G, Houle S Relationship between dopamine D(2) occupancy, clinical response, and side effects: a double-blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 514–520.
  • (66) Gründer G, Carlsson A, Wong DF. Mechanism of new antipsychotic medications: occupancy is not just antagonism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 974–977.
  • (67) Nyberg S, Eriksson B, Oxenstierna G, Halldin C, Farde L Suggested minimal effective dose of risperidone based on PET measured D2 and 5-HT2A receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156 :869–875.
  • (68) G, E, Mann S, Kapur S et al A PET study evaluating dopamine D2 receptor occupancy for long-acting injectable risperidone. Am J Psychiatry, 2006 163 :396–401.
  • (69) Doran A, Obach S, Yasgar AS, Zhang C . The impact of p-glycoprotein on the disposition of drugs targeted for indications of the central nervous system: evaluation using the MDR1A/1B knockout mouse model. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005; 33:165–174.
  • (70) Kirschbaum KM, Henken S, Hiemke C, Schmitt U Pharmacodynamic consequences of Pglycoprotein-dependent pharmacokinetics of risperidone and haloperidol in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2008; 188 :298–303.
  • (71) Farde L, Wiesel FA, Halldin C, Sedvall G. Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 71-6.
  • (72) Vernaleken I, Fellows C, Janouschek H, Bro¨cheler A, Veselinovic T, Gründer G, et al. Striatal and extrastriatal D2/3 receptor binding properties of ziprasidone: a PET study with [18F] fallypride and [11C] raclopride. Int Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010 Aug; 13: 951-60.
  • (73) Miceli JJ, Anziano RJ, Robarge L, Hansen RA, Laurent A. The effect of carbamazepine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of Ziprasidone in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 49: Suppl 1:65S-70S.
  • (74) Vogel F, Gansmüller R, Leiblein T, Dietmaier O, Wassmuth H, Hiemke C, et al. The use of ziprasidone in clinical practice: Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects from data of a drug monitoring survey Eur Psychiatry 2009; 24: 143-148.