Nutrición y enfermedades metabólicas en el ancianoestrategias alimentarias

  1. Guardado Fuentes, Lara
  2. Carmona Álvarez, I.
  3. Cuesta Triana, Federico Miguel
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2014

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades geriátricas

Serie: 11

Número: 62

Páginas: 3691-3704

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/S0304-5412(14)70830-3 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

Por su importancia en el anciano, la desnutrición debe ser detectada precozmente dados sus efectos sobre la morbimortalidad y funcionalidad. En la práctica clínica existen herramientas validadas en los diferentes contextos en los que se puede valorar al anciano, fundamentalmente hospital, residencias y comunidad. Esta heterogeneidad exige de una intervención multidisciplinar que aborde el problema de la desnutrición no solo desde el punto de vista médico, sino también social y funcional. En términos de intervención se destaca que las recomendaciones sobre proteínas se incrementan especialmente en aquellos ancianos que sufren sarcopenia u obesidad sarcopénica. Por otra parte, en la actualización se plantea el abordaje del anciano diabético teniendo en cuenta las características que le diferencian del sujeto más joven, sobre todo en términos de fragilidad.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abbatecola AM, Paolisso G. Diabetes care targets in older persons. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;86:S35-40.
  • Alagiakrishnan K, Sclater A. Psychiatric disorders presenting in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;20:645-52.
  • Anthony PS. Nutrition screening tools for hospitalized patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008;23:373-82.
  • Baldwin C, Weekes CE. Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD002008.
  • Bandayrel K, Wong S. Systematic literature review of randomized control trials assessing the effectiveness of nutrition interventions in community dwelling older adults. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2011;43:251-62.
  • Bremer JP, Jauch-Chara K, Hallschmid M, Schmid S, Schultes B. Hypoglycemia unawareness in older compared with middle aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1513-7.
  • Bulugahapitiya U, Siyambalapitiya S, Sithole J, Idris I. Is diabetes a coronary risk equivalent? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2009;26: 142-8.
  • Campbell WW, Leidy HJ. Dietary protein and resistance training effects on muscle and body composition in older persons. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007; 26:696S-703S.
  • Cawood AL, Elia M, Stratton RJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of high protein oral nutritional supplements. Ageing Res Rev. 2012;11:278-96.
  • Chen LK, Chen YM, Lin MH, Peng LN, Hwang SJ. Care of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: a focus on frailty. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9:S18-22.
  • Chiniwala N, Jabbour S. Management of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011;18:148-52.
  • Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39:412-23.
  • Cuervo M, García A, Ansorena D, Sánchez-Villegas A, Martínez-González M, Astiasarán I. Nutritional assessment interpretation on 22,007 Spanish community dwelling elders through the Mini Nutritional Assessment test. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12:82-90.
  • De Graaf C. Why liquid energy results in overconsumption. Proc Nutr Soc 2011;70:162-70.
  • Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:129-39.
  • Ferrer A, Padros G, Formiga F, Rojas-Farreras S, Perez JM, Pujol R. Diabetes mellitus: prevalence and effect of morbidities in the oldest old. The Octabaix study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:462-7.
  • Guigoz Y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA(R)) Review of the Literature – What does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10:466-87.
  • Helmer D, Tseng CL, Wrobel J, Tiwari A, Rajan M, Pogach L. Assessing the risk of lower extremity amputations using an administrative data-based foot risk index in elderly patients with diabetes. J Diabetes. 2011;3:248-55.
  • Hubbard GP, Elia M, Holdoway A, Stratton RJ. A systematic review of compliance to oral nutritional supplements. Clin Nutr. 2012; 31:293-312.
  • Hubbard GP, Buchan B, Sanders K, Brothers S, Stratton RJ. Improved compliance and increased intake of energy and protein with a high energy density, low volume multinutrient supplement. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E164.
  • Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T. Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:1734-8.
  • Li Z, Heber D. Sarcopenic obesity in the elderly and strategies for weight management. Nutr Rev. 2012;70:57-64.
  • Marco J, Barba R, Zapatero A, Matía P, Plaza S, Losa JE. Prevalence of the notification of malnutrition in the departments of internal medici-ne and its prognostic implications. Clinical Nutrition. 2011;30:450-4.
  • Matía Martín P, Cuesta Triana F. Nutrición en el anciano hospitalizado. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2006;41:340-56.
  • Miller ME, Bonds DE, Gerstein HC, Seaquist ER, Bergenstal RM, Calles-Escandon J. The effects of baseline characteristics, glycaemia treatment approach, and glycated haemoglobin concentration on the risk of severe hypoglycaemia: post hoc epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ. 2010;340:b5444.
  • Morley JE, Malmstrom TK, Miller DK. A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:601-08.
  • Mueller C, Compher C, Ellen DM, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: Nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention in adults. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011;35:16-24.
  • Norman K, Stobäus N, González MC, Schulzke JD, Pirlich M. Hand grip strength: Outcome predictor and marker of nutritional status. Clin Nutr. 2011;30:135-42.
  • Norman K, Pichard C, Lochs H, Pirlich M. Prognostic impact of disease related malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2008;27:5-15.
  • Planas M, Álvarez J, García de Lorenzo A, Celaya S, León M, García-Lorda P. The burden of hospital malnutrition in Spain: methods and development of the PREDyCES study. Nutr Hosp. 2010;25:1020-4.
  • Prado CM, Wells JC, Smith SR, Stephan BC, Siervo M. Sarcopenic obesity: A Critical appraisal of the current evidence. Clin Nutr. 2012;31:583-601.
  • Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short form mininutritional assessment (MNA-SF). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:66-72
  • Salva A, Coll-Planas L, Bruce S, de Groot L, Andrieu S, Abellan G. Nutritional assessment of residents in long term care facilities (LTCFs): recommendations of the task force on nutrition and ageing of the IAGG European region and the IANA. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13:475-83.
  • Soriguer F, Goday A, Bosch-Comas A, Bordiu E, Calle-Pascual A, Carmena R. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in Spain: the Di@bet.es Study. Diabetologia. 2012;55:88-93.
  • Starke J, Schneider H, Alteheld B, Stehle P, Meier R. Short term individual nutritional care as part of routine clinical setting improves outcome and quality of life in malnourished medical patients. Clin Nutr. 2011;30:194-201.
  • Stephen WC, Janssen I. Sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging May. 2009;13:460-6.
  • Vega Piñero B. Aspectos diferenciales de la nutrición en los pacientes ancianos con diabetes. Av Diabetol. 2010;26:307-13.
  • Volkert D, Berner YN, Berry E, Cederholm T, Coti Bertrand P, Milne A. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:330-60.
  • Whitmer RA, Karter AJ, Yaffe K, Quesenberry Jr CP, Selby JV. Hypoglycemic episodes and risk of dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2009;301:1565-72.
  • Woodrow G. Body composition analysis techniques in the aged adult: indications and limitations. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12:8-14.
  • Zeanandin G, Molato O, Le Duff F, Guérin O, Hébuterne X, Schneider SM. Impact of restrictive diets on the risk of undernutrition in a free living elderly population. Clin Nutr. 2012;31:69-73.