Política regional de I+D e innovación en Alemania:Lecciones para el caso español

Abstract

This paper offers a review of the research, development and innovation policies (R&D&I) in Germany with special attention to the regional perspective. Germany has been chosen because it is the leading country in relation to the design, development and evaluation of R&D&I (regional) policies and in addition its policy system can be appreciated as quite similar to the Spanish one. Both countries are politically very decentralised and both have political responsibilities related to R&D&I associated with the regional level. This paper also offers a general view about the basic rudiments that support the (regional) R&D&I policy in Germany. At the same time some issues and problems of the innovation system in Spain are discussed. In the central part, the origin and evolution of the R&D&I policy in Germany is reviewed � from an historic point of view. We analyse the diversification and complementarity of the tools implanted by the different administrative levels and the high cooperation and coordination level between them. We also begin a debate about the integration of the scientific, education and production systems. Then we analyse how these subsystems are connected and which policies could be applied to improve the integration; this aspect is considered as very important for the Spanish case. In this paper there will be many references to the Spanish case, the aim of which is to bring out lessons and point out possible problems or solutions.