Evaluación de la densidad óseatécnicas densitométricas

Zusammenfassung

Bone density is one of the most important factors of osseointegration and implants success and therefore its evaluation is highly relevant. For this purpose densitometric techniques have been used as Radiology (conventional and digital), Double X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Computed Tomography (CT). Within this latter, medical CT and dental CT or CB-CT (Cone Beam Computerized Tomography) are included. Applying to CT densitometric evaluation softwares we obtain the quantitative CT (QCT) and quantitative CBCT (QCB-CT) , which provides a density expressed in hounsfield units (HU) and in some cases ha mg/cm3. The study of alternative techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Quantitative ultrasound (QuS) remains, for now, experimental. The aim of this article has been to make a narrative bibliographic review about the main densitometric techniques used in Oral Surgery and Implantology. From all of them, the most exact is the quantitative CT or QCT. With the DXA we obtain a density expressed in mg ha/cm2, more accurate than radiologic one, but poses technical problems and is difficult to apply in the small maxillofacial spaces. Radiology, despite being a subjective and empirical technique, remains useful in the daily clinical practice.