Stress in Spanish police force depending on occupational rank, sex, age and work-shift

  1. Lourdes Luceño-Moreno 1
  2. Yolanda García-Albuerne 1
  3. Beatriz Talavera-Velasco 1
  4. Jesús Martín-García 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España)
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 28

Número: 4

Páginas: 389-393

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Antecedentes: en la policía, algunas variables como el rango ocupacional, el sexo, la edad y el tipo de turno se relacionan con estrés en trabajadores. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si existían diferencias en la percepción de estrés laboral en policías de la Comunidad de Madrid (España), según el rango ocupacional, el sexo, la edad y el tipo de turno. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en 24 municipios de la Comunidad de Madrid. Participaron 565 policías. Los rangos evaluados fueron: agente, cabo, sargento y jefe de policía. El estrés laboral (riesgos psicosociales del trabajo) fue evaluado con el cuestionario DECORE. Resultados: todos los policías evaluados percibieron los factores de riesgo psicosocial de forma adversa. Específicamente, los que ocupaban rangos inferiores percibieron menos control, escasas recompensas y escaso apoyo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de escasas recompensas entre agentes y el resto de rangos; y entre agentes y cabos en la percepción de escaso apoyo organizacional. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el resto de variables. Conclusiones: el rango policial debería tenerse en cuenta en el desarrollo de medidas preventivas para reducir el estrés.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Álvarez, O., Lila, M., & Castillo, I. (2012). Los estilos de liderazgo de la policía local de la Comunidad Valenciana: una aproximación desde la Teoría del Liderazgo Transformacional [Leadership styles of the local police of Valencian Comunity: An approach from Transformational Leadership Theory]. Anales de Psicología, 28, 548-557.
  • Álvarez, O., Lila, M., Tomás, I., & Castillo, I. (2014). Transformational leadership in the local police in Spain: A leader-follower distance approach. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 17, 1-9.
  • Andrew, M. E., McCanlies, E. C., Burchfiel, C. M., Charles, L. E., Hartley, T. A., Fekedulegn, D., & Violanti, J. M. (2008). Hardiness and psychological distress in a cohort of police officers. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 10, 137-148.
  • Arrogante, O., & Pérez-García, A. M. (2013). El bienestar subjetivo percibido por los profesionales no sanitarios ¿es diferente al de enfermería de intensivos? Relación con personalidad y resiliencia [Is subjective well-being perceived by non-health care workers different from that perceived by nurses? Relation with personality and resilience]. Enfermería Intensiva, 24, 145-154.
  • Backteman-Erlanson, S., Padyab, M., & Brulin, C. (2013). Prevalence of burnout and associations with psychosocial work environment, physical strain, and stress of conscience among Swedish female and male police personnel. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 14, 491-505.
  • Bowler, R. M., Han, H., Gocheva, V., Nakagawa, S., Alper, H., DiGrande, L., & Cone, J. E. (2010). Gender differences in probable posttraumatic stress disorder among police responders to the 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attack. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 53, 1186-1196.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Second Edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Conway, P. M., Campanini, P., Sartori, S., Dotti, R., & Costa, G. (2008). Main and interactive effects of shitwork, age and work stress on health in an Italian simple of health care workers. Applied Ergonomics, 39, 630-639.
  • De la Fuente, E. I., Aguayo, R., Vargas, C., & Cañadas, G. R. (2013). Prevalence and risk factors of burnout syndrome among Spanish police officers. Psicothema, 25, 488-493.
  • Duxbury, L., Higgins, C., & Halinski, M. (2015). Identifying the antecedents of work-role overload in police organizations. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42, 361-381.
  • Fernández-López, J. A., Fernández-Fidalgo, E., & Siegrist, J. (2005). El trabajo y sus repercusiones en la salud. El modelo Esfuerzo-Recompensa DER [Work and its repercussions on health. The Effort-Reward Imbalance model]. Revista de Calidad Asistencial, 20, 165-170.
  • Gao, Y. Q., Pan, B. C., Sun, W., Wu, H., Wang, J. N., & Wang, L. (2012). Anxiety symptoms among Chinese nurses and the associated factors: A cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 1-9.
  • Gao, Y. Q., Pan, B. C., Sun, W., Wu, H., Wang, J. N., & Wang, L. (2012). Depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses: Prevalence and the associated factors. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68, 1166-1175.
  • Garbarino, S., Cuomo, G., Chiorri, C., & Magnavita, N. (2013). Association of work-related stress with mental health problems in a special force unit. BMJ Open, 3, 1-12.
  • Gau, J. M., & Gaines, D. C. (2012). Top-down management and patrol officers’ attitudes about the importance of public order maintenance: A research note. Police Quarterly, 15, 45-61.
  • Gershon, R. R. M., Lin, S., & Li, X. (2002). Work stress in aging police officers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44, 160-167.
  • Hartley, T. A., Burchfiel, C. M., Fekedulegn, D., Andrew, M. E., Knox, S. S., & Violanti, J. M. (2011). Associations between police officer stress and the metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 13, 243-256.
  • Hartley, T. A., Violanti, J. M., Mnatsakanova, A., Andrew, M. E., & Burchfiel, C. M. (2013). Military experience and levels of stress and coping in police officers. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 15, 229-239.
  • Hogan J., Bennell, C., & Taylor, A. (2011). The challenges of moving into middle management: Responses from police officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 26, 100-111.
  • Karasek, R. A., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work, stress, productivity and the reconstruction of working life. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Korre, M., Farioli, A., Varvarigou, V., Sato, S., & Kales, S. N. (2014). A survey of stress levels and time spent across law enforcement duties: Police chief and officer agreement. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 8, 109-122.
  • Kurtz, D. L. (2012). Roll call and the second shift: The influences of gender and family on police stress. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 13, 71-86.
  • Lang, L., Oschmann, E., Kraus, T., & Lang, J. W. B. (2012). Psychosocial work stressors as antecedents of musculoskeletal problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of stability-adjusted longitudinal studies. Social Science & Medicine, 75, 1163-1174.
  • Luceño, L., & Martín, J. (2008). DECORE. Cuestionario de Evaluación de Riesgos Psicosociales [DECORE. Psychosocial Risks Assessment Questionnaire]. Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
  • Luceño, L., Martín, J., Rubio, S., & Díaz, E. M. (2010). Análisis factorial confirmatorio del cuestionario DECORE [Confirmatory factor analysis of DECORE Questionnaire]. Ansiedad y Estrés, 16, 237-248.
  • Ma, C. C., Andrew, M. E., Fekedulegn, D., Gu, J. K., Hartley, T. A., Charles, L. E., …, & Burchfiel, C. M. (2015). Shift work and occupational stress in police officers. Safety and Health at Work, 6, 25-29.
  • Masilamani, R., Bulgiba, A., Chinna, K., Darus, A., Isahak, M., Kandiben, S., & Koh, D. (2013). Prevalence and associated factors of stress in the Malaysian Police Force. Preventive Medicine, 57, 57-59.
  • Moreno-Jiménez, B., & Báez, C. (2010). Factores y riesgos psicosociales, formas, consecuencias, medidas y buenas prácticas [Psychosocial factors and psychosocial risks, forms, consequences, measures and good practice]. Madrid: INSHT.
  • Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Bruinvels, D., & Frings-Dresen, M. (2010). Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review. Occupational Medicine, 60, 277-286.
  • Peltzer, K., Shisana, O., Zuma, K., Van Wyk, B., & Zungu-Dirwayi, N. (2009). Job stress, job satisfaction and stress-related illnesses among South African educators. Stress and Health, 25, 247-257.
  • Rugulies, R., Aust, B., Madsen, I. E. H., Burr, H., Siegrist, J., & Bültmann, U. (2012). Adverse psychosocial working conditions and risk of severe depressive symptons. Do effects differ by occupational grade? European Journal of Public Health, 23, 415-420.
  • Selokar, D., Nimbarte, S., Ahana, S., Gaidhane, A., & Wagh, V. (2011). Occupational stress among police personnel of Wardha city, India. Australasian Medical Journal, 4, 114-117.
  • Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. A. J., Geurts, S. A. E., Houtman, I. L. D., & Van den Heuvel, F. F. M. (2010). Professional efficacy, exhaustion, and work characteristics among police officers: A longitudinal test of the learning-related predictions of the Demand-Control model. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 455-474.
  • Tsutsumi, A., Kayaba, K., & Ishikawa, S. (2011). Impact of occupational stress on stroke across occupational classes and genders. Social Science & Medicine, 72, 1652-1658.
  • Tyagi, A., & Lochan-Dhar, R. (2014). Factors affecting health of the police officials: Mediating role of job stress. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 37, 649-664.
  • Van der Colff, J. J., & Rothmann, S. (2014). Burnout of registered nurses in South Africa. Journal of Nursing Management, 22, 630-642.
  • Vicente, C. S., Oliveira, R. A., & Maroco, J. (2014). Prevalence of burnout among professionals who care for elderly and chronically ill patients. Psychology, 5, 1933-1940.
  • Violanti, J. M. (2011). Introduction to special issue: Stress and health in law enforcement. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 13, 209-210.
  • Violanti, J. M., Mnatsakanova, A., Andrew, M. E., Fekedulegn, D., & Hartley, T. A. (2014). Associations of specific stressors, neuroticism, and perceived stress among police officers. Annals of Epidemiology, 24, 688.
  • Hoven, H., Wahrendorf, M., & Siegrist, J. (2015). Occupational position, work stress and depressive symptoms: A pathway analysis of longitudinal SHARE data. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 0, 1-6.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet