The power of extravertsTesting positive and negative mood regulation

  1. Gonzalo Hervas 1
  2. Irene López-Gómez 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728,  1695-2294

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 32

Número: 3

Páginas: 710-716

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.32.3.261641 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Anales de psicología

Resumen

La extraversión es un rasgo de personalidad que ha sido sistemáticamente relacionado con el afecto positivo y el bienestar. Uno de los mecanismos que puede dar cuenta de estos efectos positivos es la habilidad para responder a los estados de ánimo tanto negativos como positivos. La investigación previa ha encontrado que el mayor mantenimiento de estados de ánimo positivos que logran los extravertidos podría explicar sus niveles elevados de afecto positivo. Sin embargo, las investigaciones que han explorado las diferencias entre extravertidos e introvertidos en cuanto a la regulación del estado de ánimo negativo han dado lugar a resultados mixtos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar el papel de las diferentes facetas de la regulación emocional desplegadas por los extravertidos, ambivertidos e introvertidos. Tras ser inducidos a un estado de ánimo triste o alegre, los participantes fueron sometidos a una tarea de regulación emocional. Los participantes extravertidos y ambivertidos mostraron un nivel de regulación del estado de ánimo positivo mejor que los introvertidos, pero un nivel similar de regulación del estado de ánimo triste. Por tanto, esta investigación destaca la importancia de la regulación de estados de ánimo positivos en el funcionamiento psicológico de los extravertidos, y abre nuevas conceptualizaciones para desarrollar intervenciones en las que los introvertidos puedan mejorar la regulación de sus estados de ánimo positivos y, en consecuencia, mejorar su nivel general de afecto positivo y de bienestar.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Beevers, C. G. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability to depression: A dual process model. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 975-1002. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.03.003
  • Cabello, R., & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2015). Under which conditions can introverts achieve happiness? Mediation and moderation effects of the quality of social relationships and emotion regulation ability on happiness. PeerJ, 3, e1300. doi:10.7717/peerj.1300
  • Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NE-OPI-R) and Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Depue, R. A., & Collins, P. F. (1999). Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 491–569. doi:10.1017/S0140525X99002046
  • Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2005). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: Predictive and incremental validity using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 937-948. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.012
  • Eysenck, H. J. (1952). The scientific study of personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Eysenck, H. J. (1971). Readings in extraversion-introversion: Bearings on basic psychological processes. New York: Staples Press.
  • Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1997). EPQ-R, Cuestionario revisado de personalidad de Eysenck [EPQ-R, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised]. Madrid: TEA.
  • Eysenck, S. B., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985). A revised version of the psychoticism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 21-29. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90026-1
  • Fleeson, W., Malanos, A. B., & Achille, N. M. (2002). An intraindividual process approach to the relationship between extraversion and positive affect: Is acting extraverted as ''good'' as being extravert? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1409–1422. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1409
  • Grant, A. M. (2013). Rethinking the extraverted sales ideal: The ambivert advantage. Psychological Science, 24, 1024-1030. doi:10.1177/0956797612463706
  • Gray, J. A. (1981). A critique of Eysenck's theory of personality. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), A model for personality (pp. 246-277). Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0_8
  • Gray, J. A. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Heimpel, S. A., Wood, J. V., Marshall, M. A., & Brown, J. D. (2002). Do people with low self-esteem really want to feel better? Self-esteem differences in motivation to repair negative moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 128-147. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.128
  • Hervas, G., & Vazquez, C. (2013). Low spirits keep rewards subdued: Decreases in sensitivity to reward and vulnerability to dysphoria. Behavior Therapy, 44, 62-74. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.07.003
  • Hervas, G., & Vazquez, C. (2016). Changes in self-esteem predict changes in sensitivity to reward and punishment. Manuscript in preparation.
  • Larsen, R. J. (2000). Toward a science of mood regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 129–141. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1103_01
  • Lischetzke, T., & Eid, M. (2006). Why extraverts are happier than introverts: The role of mood regulation. Journal of Personality, 74, 1127-1162. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00405.x
  • Lischetzke, T., Pfeifer, H., Crayen, C., & Eid, M. (2012). Motivation to regulate mood as a mediator between state extraversion and pleasant–unpleasant mood. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 414-422. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.04.002
  • Lucas, R. E., & Baird, B. M. (2004). Extraversion and emotional reactivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 473. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.3.473
  • Lucas, R. E., & Fujita, F. (2000). Factors influencing the relation between extraversion and pleasant affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 1039-1056. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.1039
  • Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., Grob, A., Suh, E. M., & Shao, L. (2000). Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 452-468. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.452
  • Lucas, R. E., Le, K., & Dyrenforth, P. S. (2008). Explaining the extraversion/positive affect relation: Sociability cannot account for extraverts' greater happiness. Journal of Personality, 76, 385-414. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00490.x
  • Ozer, D. J., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2006). Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 401-421. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190127
  • Pavot, W., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1990). Extraversion and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1299–1306. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90157-M
  • Rusting, C., & Larsen, R. (1995). Moods as sources of stimulation: Relationships between personality and desired mood states. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 321–329. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)00157-N
  • Salovey, P. (1992). Mood induced self-focused attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 699-707. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.4.699
  • Sanchez, A., Vazquez, C., Gomez, D., & Joormann, J. (2014). Gaze-fixation to happy faces predicts mood repair after a negative mood induction. Emotion, 14, 85-94. doi:10.1037/a0034500
  • Sanz, J. (2001). Un instrumento para evaluar la eficacia de los procedimientos de inducción de estado de ánimo: "La Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo" (EVEA). Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 71-110.
  • Smillie, L. D. (2013). Extraversion and reward processing. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 167-172. doi:10.1177/0963721412470133
  • Smillie, L. D. (2013). Why Does It Feel Good To Act Like an Extravert?. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 878-887. doi:10.1111/spc3.12077
  • Smillie, L. D., Cooper, A. J., Wilt, J., & Revelle, W. (2012). Do extraverts get more bang for the buck? Refining the affective-reactivity hypothesis of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 306-326. doi:10.1037/a0028372
  • Smillie, L. D., Geaney, J. T., Wilt, J., Cooper, A. J., & Revelle, W. (2013). Aspects of extraversion are unrelated to pleasant affective-reactivity: Further examination of the affective-reactivity hypothesis. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 580-587. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.04.008
  • Smith, S. M., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Personality moderators of mood congruency effects on cognition: The role of self-esteem and negative mood regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1092-1107. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1092
  • Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52. doi:10.2307/1166137
  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). Affects separable and inseparable: On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489–505. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.489
  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 767–793). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-012134645-4/50030-5
  • Wilt, J., & Revelle, W. (2009). Extraversion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 27–45). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Wood, J. V., Heimpel, S. A., & Michela, J. L. (2003). Savoring versus dampening: self-esteem differences in regulating positive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 566-580. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.566
  • Yuan, J., Zhang, J., Zhou, X., Yang, J., Meng, X., Zhang, Q., & Li, H. (2012). Neural mechanisms underlying the higher levels of subjective well-being in extraverts: Pleasant bias and unpleasant resistance. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 175-192. doi:10.3758/s13415-011-0064-8
  • Zelenski, J. M., Santoro, M. S., & Whelan, D. C. (2012). Would introverts be better off if they acted more like extraverts? Exploring emotional and cognitive consequences of counterdispositional behavior. Emotion, 12, 290-303. doi:10.1037/a0025169
  • Zelenski, J. M., Whelan, D. C., Nealis, L. J., Besner, C. M., Santoro, M. S., & Wynn, J. E. (2013). Personality and affective forecasting: Trait introverts underpredict the hedonic benefits of acting extraverted. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 1092-1108. doi:10.1037/a0032281
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet