Seminomapuesta al día

  1. B. Álvarez Moratinos
  2. S. Angulo Acosta
  3. J. Barrio Cortes
  4. G. García González
  5. A. Domínguez Gordillo
  6. J.C. Alpuente Román
  7. A. Moreno Reyes
  8. JA. Cabrera Cabrera
Revista:
Sanidad militar: revista de sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas de España

ISSN: 1887-8571

Año de publicación: 2013

Volumen: 69

Número: 1

Páginas: 22-37

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4321/S1887-85712013000100004 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Sanidad militar: revista de sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas de España

Resumen

Objetivos: Revisar y actualizar los aspectos epidemiológicos, factores de riesgo (con especial atención a los aspectos genéticos e inmunohistoquímicos), diagnósticos y terapéuticos del seminoma. Material y Métodos: Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura en la base de datos PUBMED, utilizando la palabra clave principal »seminoma», y los subtítulos (subheadings) «diagnóstico», «epidemiologia», «etiología», «genética, «mortalidad» y «tratamiento», sin restricciones en cuanto al tipo de estudio, seleccionando aquellos artículos considerados de interés para una revisión. La información se ha completado con otras fuentes bibliográficas como guías clínicas de referencia, registros de cáncer y tratados de Oncología y Urología. Se ha restringido la búsqueda a artículos en inglés o castellano. Así mismo se ha utilizado el Programa de Vigilancia, Epidemiología y Resultados Finales del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (SEER) para obtener datos de incidencia y mortalidad de cáncer en los Estados Unidos, y de GLOBOCAN para los datos referentes a otros 184 países del mundo. Resultados: Se han revisado un total de 3.131 artículos, con un periodo de búsqueda objeto de la revisión comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 1990 y el 31 de marzo del 2012, incluyendo un total de 51 revisiones sobre la epidemiología del tumor, 23 sobre los factores de riesgo genético, 66 revisiones sobre los distintos aspectos del diagnóstico y tratamiento, un estudio prospectivo y tres estudios randomizados, incluyéndose así mismo las directrices de 3 Guías Clínicas. Conclusiones: El tumor de células germinativas del testículo (TCGT) supone el tumor sólido más frecuente en los varones entre los 20 y 34 años, representando, el seminoma, entre el 40 y el 50% de todos ellos. Los factores de riesgo son múltiples, congénitos y adquiridos, destacándose entre ellos la predisposición familiar y bilateralidad, la criptorquidia y la acción de determinados agentes carcinógenos químicos considerados como disruptores endocrinos, que podrían favorecer el desarrollo de estos tumores. El aumento del volumen testicular y la palpación de un nódulo duro, doloroso o no, y de tamaño variable es el síntoma más frecuente de presentación. En el diagnóstico juega un importante papel la ecografía testicular y los marcadores tumorales AFP y β-hCG, sustancias onco-fetales que, además, son muy útiles en la estadificación y monitoreo de la respuesta al tratamiento. Actualmente se disponen de tres sistemas de estadificación de estos tumores que, utilizados de manera conjunta, permiten al equipo multidisciplinar realizar un tratamiento adaptado al riesgo, alcanzándose tasas de supervivencia específica superiores al 98% a los 5 años. El tratamiento del seminoma en el estadio I es la orquiectomía radical como primer gesto terapéutico, existiendo algunas discrepancias sobre el tratamiento adyuvante. Actualmente se consideran tres opciones: la vigilancia, la quimioterapia basada en derivados del platino y la radioterapia. Para los estadios II y III, las opciones tras la cirugía radical son la radioterapia con o sin quimioterapia.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet