Isquemia crónica de miembros inferiores. Enfermedad arterial periférica

  1. Ducajú, G. Moñux
  2. Conejero, A. Martín
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2017

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades cardiológicas (VII) Enfermedades vasculares

Serie: 12

Número: 41

Páginas: 2440-2447

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2017.09.012 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

Resumen La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) es una de las afecciones más prevalentes y es habitual la coexistencia con enfermedad vascular en otros territorios. La arterioesclerosis es la causa más frecuente de EAP, por lo que se asocia a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La EAP se produce por la obstrucción progresiva de las arterias de las piernas. La clínica varía en función de la magnitud del déficit. Los pacientes pueden permanecer asintomáticos en etapas precoces, presentar claudicación intermitente que es el síntoma más frecuente, o dolor en reposo o lesiones tróficas en estados avanzados. Fundamentalmente clínico. Para cuantificar la gravedad la mejor prueba es el índice tobillo/brazo. Presenta valor pronóstico para la extremidad y para el desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares, sobre todo el infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Varía en función de la clínica y el territorio afectado. El tratamiento médico consiste en el control de factores de riesgo y cilostazol como tratamiento de la claudicación. Las técnicas de revascularización quirúrgicas convencionales y endovasculares están indicadas cuando existe una claudicación invalidante o una isquemia más grave en forma de dolor en reposo o lesiones tróficas.

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