Authority and authorship, tradition and invention, reading and writing in early medieval compilation genresthe case of Hrabanus Maurus’ De institutione clericorum*

  1. Ana Belén Sánchez Prieto 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Aldizkaria:
De Medio Aevo

ISSN: 2255-5889

Argitalpen urtea: 2016

Alea: 5

Zenbakia: 2

Orrialdeak: 179-240

Mota: Artikulua

Beste argitalpen batzuk: De Medio Aevo

Laburpena

From a literary point of view, the Early Middle Ages can be defined as an age of compilation. However, the nature of medieval compilation has often been misunderstood. This is because scholars have limited themselves to identifying the source-texts, ignoring deeper aspects such as the nature of tradition and authority, the scope of the compilation and the modes of reception, as well as the recontextualization process that compilation implies. When Hrabanus Maurus composed his De institutione clericorum in 818 he borrowed between sixty and seventy per cent of the matter from previous authors, and in fact far from pretending being original, what Hrabanus claims is not originality, but authority, although by the interweaving of his materials and with his relatively few adds he managed  to create a different resulting product with a new personality. Using as a case study the De institutione clericorum, this article addresses the problems posed by the compilation process in relation to the educational methods –mainly mnemonic training –  and the spiritual practices of the Carolingian renaissance, specifically the lectio divina and the ruminatio.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • ARIS, Marc-Aeilko, 1996, “Nostrum est citare testes. Anmerkungen zum Wissenschaftsverständnis des Hrabanus Maurus”, in SCHRIMPF, Gangolf (Hrg.), Kloster Fulda in der Welt der Karolinger und Ottonen, Fuldaer Studien 7, Frankfurt am Main: Josef Knecht, p. 437-464.
  • BENVENISTE, Émile, 1969, Le Vocabulaire des institutions indo-européenes, Paris: Minuit.
  • BISANTI, Armando, 1985, “Struttura compositiva e tecnica compilatoria nel libro III del De institutione clericorum di Rabano Mauro”, Schede medievali 8, p. 5-17.
  • BLUMENKRANZ, B., 1951, “Raban Maur et Saint Augustin. Compilation ou Adaptation? A propos du Latin Biblique”, Revue du Moyen Age Latin 7, p. 97-110.
  • CARNICELLI, Thomas A. (ed.), 1969, King Alfred’s Version of St. Augustine’s Soliloquies, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
  • CARRUTHERS, Mary, 1990, The Book of Memory. A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • CARRUTHERS, Mary, 1998, The Craft of Thought. Meditation, rhetoric and the making of images, 400-1200, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • CARRUTHERS, Mary & ZIOLOWSKI, Jan M., 2002, The Medieval Craft of Memory. An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • CASIDAY, Augustine, 2004, “St Aldhelm’s bees (De uirginitate prosa cc. IV-VI): some observations on a literary tradition, Anglo Saxon England 33, p. 1-22.
  • CHENU, M.D., 1927, “Auctor, Actor, Autor”, Bulletin du Cange 3, p. 81-83.
  • COMPAGNON, Antoine, “Qu’est-ce qu’un auteur?”, http://www.fabula.org/compagnon/ auteur.php [10/10/2012].
  • CONGAR, Yves, 1963, La Tradition et les traditions, Paris: Fayard, 2 vols.
  • CONTRENI, John J., 1983, “Carolingian Biblical Studies”, in Uta-Renate BLUMENTAL (ed.), Carolingian Essays. Andrew W. Mellon Lectures in Early Christian Studies (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, p. 71-98.
  • D’ONOFRIO, Giulio, 1996, “La teologia carolingia”, in D’ONOFRIO (Ed.), Storia della Teologia nel Medioevo, Casale Monferrato: Piemme, Vol. I, pp. 107-196.
  • FLOROVSKY, Georges, 1987, “The Authority of the Ancient Councils and the Tradition of the Fathers”, Collected Works of Georges Florovsky, Vaduz: Büchervertriebsanstalt, vol. I, p. 93-103.
  • GANZ, David, 1990, Corbie in the Carolingian Renaissance, Sigmaringen, Thorbecke. GUENÉE, Bernard, 1985, “L’historien et la compilation au XIIIe siècle”, Journal des savants, p. 119-135.
  • HATHAWAY, Neil, 1989, “Compilatio: from plagiarism to compiling”, Viator 20, p. 19-44.
  • HEIL, Johannes, 1997, “Claudius von Turin. Eine Fallstudie zur Geschichte der Karolingerzeit”, Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft 45, 389-412, cit. p. 404-405.
  • HEYSE, Elisabeth, 1969, Hrabanus Maurus’ Enzyklopädie ‘De rerum naturis’. Untersuchungen zu den Quellen und zur Methode der Kompilation (München: Arbeo-Gesellschaft.
  • IRVINE, Martin, 1994, The Making of Textual Culture. ‘Grammatica’ and Literary Theory, 350- 1100, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • JOHNSTONE, Brian, 2005, August, “What is Tradition? From Pre-Modern to Postmodern”, Australian e-Journal of Theology 5.
  • KASTER, Robert A., 2011, Macrobius, Saturnalia. Books 1-2, Harvard College.
  • LECLERCQ, Jean, 1982, The Love of Learning and the Desire for God: A Study of Monastic Culture, Fordham University Press, p. 172-173.
  • LEHMAN, Paul, 1960-1961,“Geisteswissenschaftliche Gemeinschafts- und Kolectivunternehmungen in der geschichtlichen Entwicklung”, in id. Erforschung des Mittelalters, Stuttgart, vol. 4., p. 353-385.
  • LE MAITRE, Philippe, 1990, “Les méthodes exégétiques de Raban Maur”, in SOT, Michel (coord.), Haut Moyen Âge. Culture, éducation et société. Études offertes à Pierre Riché, La Garenne-Colombes: Éditions Européennes Erasme, p. 343-352.
  • LOSSKY, Vladimir, 1974, In the Image and Likeness of God, Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press.
  • MENCE-CASTER, Corine, Un roi en quête d’auteurité. Problématiques d’écritures (http://espanialivres.revues.org/272) §11 [10/10/2012].
  • MANIACI, Marilena, The Medieval Codex as a Complex Container : The Greek and Latin Traditions, in FRIEDRICH, Michael & SCHWARKE, Cosima (Ed.), 2016, One-Volume Libraries: Composite and Multiple-Text Manuscripts, Studies in Manuscript Cultures, Berlin-Boston, De Gruyter, p. 27-46, see p. 28-29. Available online in https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/ books/9783110496956/9783110496956- 002/9783110496956-002.pdf [6/1/2017].
  • MARTIN, Georges, 1997, “Compilation (Cinq procédures fondamentales)”, Annexes des Cahiers de linguistique hispanique médiévale 11, p. 107-121.
  • MCCULLOH, John, 1978-1979, “Hrabanus’ Martyrology: the method of composition”, Sacris Erudiri 23, p. 417-461.
  • ORELLIUS, Casp. & BAITERUS, Georgius, MDCCCXXXIII, M. Tullii Ciceronis scholiastae (Turici, Typis Orellii, Fuesslini et Sociorum).
  • OTTEN, Willemien, 1997, “The texture of tradition: the role of the Church Fathers in Carolingian theology”, in BACKUS, Irena (ed.), The Reception of the Church Fathers in the West. From the Carolingians to the Maurists, Leiden: Brill, p. 3-50.
  • POIRION, Daniel, 1981, “Écriture et ré-écriture au Moyen Âge”, Littérature 41, p. 109-118. POLLARD, Richard, “Letters of Lothar”, https://sites.google.com/site/lettersoflothar/ [10/10/2012].
  • RAJAN, Tilottama, 1991, “Intertextuality and the subject of reading/writing”, in CLAYTON, Jay & ROTHSTEIN, Eric, Influence and Intertextuality in Literary History (University of Wisconsin Press,), p. 61-74.
  • RISSEL, Maria, 1975, Rezeption antiker und patristischer Wissenschaft bei Hrabanus Maurus. Studien zur karolingischen Geistesgeschichte, Lateinische Sprache und Literatur des Mittelalters 7, Frankfurt a.M., Lang.
  • ROUSE, Richard H & ROUSE, Mary A., 1979, Preachers, Florilegia and Sermons: Studies on the Manipulus Florum of Thomas of Ireland, (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies
  • Rouse, RICHARD H & ROUSE, Mary A., 1992, “Ordinatio and Compilatio Revisited”, in JORDAN, Mark D. & EMERY, Kent Jr. (eds.), Ad litteram. Authoritative Texts and Their Medieval Readers, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, p. 113-134.
  • SHAW, James, 1887, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 2 (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Col). Available on-line in http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/12022.htm [10/10/2012].
  • SHEERIN, Daniel J., 1982, “The Church Dedication ‘ordo’ used at Fulda, 1 November 819”, Revue Benedictine 92, p. 304-316.
  • SIMON, Bertrud, 1959/69, “Untersuchungen zur Topik der Widmungbriefe mittelalterlicher Geschichtsschreiber bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts”, Archiv für Diplomatik 4 (1958), 52-119, 5/6, 73-153.
  • STANTON, Robert, 2002, The Culture of Translation in Anglo-Saxon England, Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.
  • VERGARA, Javier, 2003, “El Libellus Apologeticus: un símbolo del enciclopedismo medieval” Educación XX1 6, pp. 149-202 [http://www.uned.es/educacionXX1/ pdfs/06-07.pdf] [10/10/2012].
  • ZINK, Michel, 2008, “Auteur et autorité au Moyen Âge”, in Antoine Compagnon (dir.), De l’autorité. Colloque annuel du Collège de France (Paris: Odile Jacob,), 143-158.