Criteria-based Content Analysis in True and Simulated Victims with Intellectual Disability

  1. Antonio L. Manzanero 1
  2. M. Teresa Scott 2
  3. Rocío Vallet 1
  4. Javier Aróztegui 1
  5. Ray Bull 3
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 Universidad del Desarrollo (Chile)
  3. 3 Derby University (Reino Unido)
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Revista:
Anuario de psicología jurídica

ISSN: 1133-0740

Año de publicación: 2019

Número: 29

Páginas: 55-60

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5093/APJ2019A1 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Anuario de psicología jurídica

Resumen

Este trabajo tiene como objetivos examinar la capacidad natural para discriminar entre declaraciones verdaderas y falsas de personas con discapacidad intelectual (CIVERDADERO = 62.00, DT = 10.07; CIFALSO = 58.41, DT = 8.42) y las características diferenciales de tales declaraciones utilizando los criterios de análisis de contenido de la técnica CBCA. Treinta y tres personas valoraron 16 declaraciones verdaderas y 13 falsas utilizando su intuición. Otros dos evaluadores entrenados en CBCA valoraron las mismas declaraciones. Los evaluadores no expertos diferenciaron entre declaraciones verdaderas y falsas con una precisión por encima del azar, aunque el índice de errores fue elevado (38.19%). El hecho de que los evaluadores no entrenados no pudieran discriminar eficazmente entre declaraciones falsas y verdaderas demuestra que la intuición no puede considerarse útil en un contexto forense. La técnica CBCA discriminó mejor que los juicios intuitivos. No obstante, solo uno de los 19 criterios permitió discriminar de modo significativo, por lo que se necesitan más procedimientos adaptados específicamente a las aptitudes de los testigos con discapacidad intelectual. La presencia de producción estructurada, cantidad de detalles, características específicas de la agresión y complicaciones inesperadas incrementaba la probabilidad de que una declaración fuera considerada verdadera por los evaluadores no expertos. La clasificación realizada por los evaluadores no entrenados fue independiente del cociente intelectual de los participantes. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de macrodatos para mejorar la calidad de la clasificación.

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