Polimorfismos de los citocromos CYP2d6, CYP2c9 y CYP2c19 en la población nicaragüense respecto a otras latinoamericanas

Abstract

Introduction: Cytochrome P450 genetic polymorphisms are among the main factors responsible for poor (PM) or enhanced metabolic capacity (UM). These variations could lead to therapeutic failures and/or to the occurrence of adverse effects in patients treated with substrates of the enzymes P450, CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Objectives: To analyze the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, metabolic phenotypes extrapolated from genotypes of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in Nicaraguans, as well as their potential differences with regard to other Latin American populations. Results: CYP2D6. Metabolic phenotype measured determined that 6 % were poor metabolizers (mPMs), whereas 0 % were ultrarapid metabolizer. According to the CYP2D6 phenotype extrapolated from genotype, 4 % of individuals were gPMs and 3 % gUMs. All the gPMs were also mPMs. The most frequent allele was CYP2D6*4. CYP2C9. No subject was gPMs/gUMs. The more frequent allele was CYP2C9*2. CYP2C19. 15,3 % of Nicaraguan were gUMs; the most frequent allele was CYP2C19*17. The frequencies of alleles, genotypes and phenotypes found in this Nicaraguan Admixed population were similar to the ones observed in other populations from Latin America. Conclusions: This is the first pharmacogenetic study of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in the Nicaraguan population. Additionally, Poor and Ultrarapid metabolizers have been described. The frequencies described for this Nicaraguan Admixed population are similar to other found in other Latin American Admixed populations.