Protocolo de actuación en el tratamiento odontológico quirúrgico en pacientes con angiodema hereditario. Revisión de la literatura

Resumo

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease of autosomal dominant transmission, in which there is a deficit of C1-INH enzyme. lt runs with recurrent and self-limited episodes of edema to increase vascular permeability. There are sorne important complications for oral health professionals because many dental and surgical procedures can trigger angioedema episodes which can be a potentially life-threating condition due to edema in the upper respiratory tract. The objective of this research is to provide information and recommendations to dentists for treating these patients in order to minimize complications. 48 patients have been reported and a total of 90 interventions were performed, being extractions the most frequent treatment. HAE type 1is the most frequent of the three types with an 85% of incidence, and type 111 is the least common and known, it has been identified in recent years. Short term prophylaxis is a preventive method that must be done in ali HAE patients befare any dental surgery. The treatment of these patients implies, in most cases, a long- and short-term prophylaxis in arder to reduce attacks. lt is recommended to realize dental-surgical procedures in a hospital environment.