La prevención cuaternaria y su impacto en la salud y calidad de vida de los adultos jóvenes

Résumé

College students in Health Sciences are typically well educated, health-conscious and are a relatively homogeneous and privileged group with respect to culture and socioeconomic status, who undoubtedly represent a great potential for future leadership that may influence with some ease other social groups at different moments of the lifecycle, taking the role of agents of change. In our current culture and society, we find phenomenologies which we know about, but are, in fact, not easy to study, such as the medicalization of society, the phenomenon of comorbidity, iatrogenicity and quaternary prevention, additionally to all the complexity related to the medicine itself. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the health/disease practices of this cluster of students as well as understand the social representations of doctors, medicines and the medicine itself, developing throughout this study a theoretical subject in various degrees used to conduct this analysis. In particular, we focused in understanding if there are medicalizing practices which promote the autonomy and/or dependence of the individuals, new ways of managing the body and well-being, risk practices, self-medication, specific beliefs in regards to medicine, metaphors about medicines, as well as if there is an alignment with the quaternary prevention. 502 university students in health sciences were surveyed using a questionnaire. The study was exploratory, descriptive study and cross-sectional. The results were subjected to a descriptive and inferential analysis, using in this case the chi-square test, factor analysis and the analysis of the main components with a significance level of p <=0,05. We found signs of common sense and critical thinking in the choices made and we found no significant differences in gender, which leads us to question: how will the Future Society be? The surveyed students also seem to resist to the consumption of health products even when medically certified, considering that the current Medicine presents some risks. Today's university students of Health Sciences, may become the future interlocutors of the politicians and their policies to implement social changes in the itineraries of health/disease, of individuals and of populations. Without a doubt, a great challenge.