General image understanding in visual metaphor identification

  1. Irene Millán Macía
  2. Ester Sorm
  3. Gerard Steen
Revista:
Odisea: Revista de estudios ingleses

ISSN: 1578-3820

Año de publicación: 2017

Número: 18

Páginas: 113-131

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Odisea: Revista de estudios ingleses

Resumen

Research on visual metaphor has rapidly developed in the wake of verbal metaphor research, focusing on the development of taxonomies for visual metaphors and the analysis of the use of visual metaphor in specialized genres. In these studies visual metaphor identification seems to be quite straightforward. However, a reliable procedure for identifying visual metaphor in all sorts of contexts still needs to be developed. The first step of such procedure is concerned with the acquisition of a general understanding of an image. In this article we explore the issues that analysts face when they look at the image and establish its general meaning.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Ads of the World. www.adsoftheworld.com (accessed on June 2013).
  • Andriessen, D., Kliphuis, E., McKenzie, J., Van Winkelen, C. 2009. “Pictures of knowledge management, developing a method for analysing knowledge metaphors in visuals”. Electronic Journal of Knowledge 7(4): 405-415.
  • Bal, M. 1994. On Meaning-Making: Essays in Semiotics. Sonoma, CA: Polebridge Press.
  • Barthes, R. 1977. Image, Music, Text. Transl. S. Heath. London: Fontana.
  • Caballero, Rosario. 2009. “Cutting across the senses: Imagery in winespeak and audiovisual promotion”. Eds. C. Forceville and E. Urios-Aparisi. 73-94.
  • Cienki, A., Müller, C. 2008. Metaphor and Gesture. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Elkins, J. 1999. The Domain of Images. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • El Refaie, E. 2003. “Understanding visual metaphor: the example of newspaper cartoons”. Visual Communication 2(1): 75-95.
  • El Refaie, E. 2009. “Metaphor in political cartoons: Exploring audience responses”. Eds. C. Forceville and E. Urios-Aparisi. 75-95.
  • Forceville, C. 1994. “Pictorial metaphor in advertisements”.Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 9: 1-29.
  • Forceville, C. 1996. Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising. London: Routledge.
  • Forceville, C. 2002. “The identification of target and source in pictorial metaphors”. Journal of Pragmatics 34: 1-14.
  • Forceville, C. 2008. “Metaphor in pictures and multimodal representations”. The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought. Eds. Jr. R. W. Gibbs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 462-482.
  • Forceville, C., Urios-Aparisi, E. 2009. Multimodal Metaphor. Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Halliday, M.A. K. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Routledge London.
  • Kaplan, S. 2005. “Visual metaphors in print advertising for fashion products”. Handbook of Visual Communication: Theory, Methods and Media. Eds. K. Smith et al. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 167-177.
  • Koffka, K. 1935. Principles of Gestalt Psychology. London: Routledge.
  • Kövecses, Z. 2002. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kress, G. R., van Leeuwen, T. 2006 [1996]. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge.
  • Lakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lakoff, G. 2006. “The contemporary theory of metaphor”. Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings. Ed. D. Geeraerts. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 186-238.
  • Lakoff, G., Johnson, M. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
  • Lakoff, G., Johnson, M. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh. The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
  • Leeds-Hurwitz, W. 1993. Semiotics and Communication: Signs, Codes, Cultures. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Mitchell, W.J. T. 1994. Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Panofsky, E. 1970. Meaning in the Visual Arts. London: Penguin.
  • Pragglejaz Group. 2007. “MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse”. Metaphor and Symbol 22(1): 1-39.
  • Peirce, C. S. 1977. Semiotics and Significs. Bloomington I.N: Indiana University Press.
  • Rojo, A.Mª., Orts, Mª.A. 2010. “Metaphorical pattern analysis in financial texts: Framing the crisis in positive or negative metaphorical terms”. Journal of Pragmatics 42: 3300-3313.
  • Ruiz de Mendoza, F.J., Pérez, L. 2011. “The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor: Myths, Developments and Challenges”. Metaphor and Symbol 26: 1-25.
  • Serig, D. 2006. “A conceptual structure of visual metaphor”. Studies in Art Education 47(3): 229-247.
  • Velasco-Sacristán, M., Fuertes-Olivera, P. 2006a. “Towards a critical cognitive-pragmatic approach to gender metaphors in Advertising English”. Journal of Pragmatics 38(11): 1982-2002.
  • Velasco Sacristán, M.; Fuertes Olivera, P. . 2006b. “Olfactory and olfactory-mixed metaphors in print ads of perfumes”. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 4: 217-252.
  • Wang, K.-Y., Peracchio, L.A. 2008. “Reading pictures: Understanding the stylistic properties of advertising images”. Go Figure! New Directions in Advertising Rhetoric. Eds. E. McQuarrie and B.J. Phillips. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe. 205-26.
  • Wertheimer, M. 1938. Gestalt Theory. Translation in E.W.D. A Source Book of Gestalt Psychology. New York, NY: Hartcourt.