Ensayo clínico sin medicamentoprevención del trastorno de la imagen corporal por la intervención enfermera sobre paciente y familia previa a cirugía de cáncer de mama y colon

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most important public health problems. The National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases emphasizes that cancer colon-rectum (in men) and breast (in women) are among the most common neoplasms. One of the main treatments to be able to approach this type of tumors, such as breast and colorectal, is surgery. There are different surgical procedures (surgery conservative, mastectomy, ostomy), which, forcefully, have an impact on body image of the individual. These are procedures that lead to biopsychosocial implications and that generate a change in the modus of vivendi. A better nursing intervention of the patient prior to surgery, decrease the level of anxiety of the individual. For the patient to overcome this change in his corporal image, the role of his immediate family is fundamental. The aim of this study was to assess the body image disorder suffered by patients with breast and colon cancer after surgery. Likewise, the aim was to compare the group of patients and her family members who received an effective health education prior to oncological surgery with patients who did not receive it. Statistically significant differences were found between the results of these groups (p < 0.001). The study group obtained a lower score on the scale of affectation of the corporal image than the control group. The most important conclusion is that the fact of performing a care procedure before oncological breast or colon surgery reduces the disorder of the body image in the patient. If this procedure is performed simultaneously on the patient and on an immediate family member, this reduction is even greater.