Perceptual-cognitive expertise in combat sportsa narrative review and a model of perception-action

  1. Martínez de Quel, Óscar 1
  2. Bennett, Simon J. 2
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 Liverpool John Moores University
    info

    Liverpool John Moores University

    Liverpool, Reino Unido

    ROR https://ror.org/04zfme737

Revista:
RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

ISSN: 1885-3137

Año de publicación: 2019

Título del ejemplar: Octubre

Volumen: 15

Número: 58

Páginas: 323-338

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5232/RICYDE2019.05802 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

Resumen

Las investigaciones sobre las características físicas y fisiológicas de los atletas en deportes de combate son abundantes. Sin embargo, los factores psicológicos han recibido menos atención. En este artículo presentamos una revisión narrativa que aglutina los principales estudios sobre habilidades perceptivo-cognitivas en aquellos deportes de combate en los cuales se puntúa golpeando o tocando el cuerpo del adversario con las manos, los pies o el arma: boxeo, boxeo francés, esgrima, kung fu (wushu), karate, taekwondo y otras artes marciales. Tras una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica, sintetizamos los principales hallazgos de estudios empíricos sobre tiempos de reacción, anticipación, búsqueda visual y captura de la información. En contra de las creencias de los entrenadores, no hay un consenso claro respecto a que el tiempo de reacción sirva para predecir el rendimiento en los deportes de combate. Sin embargo, en línea con lo investigado en otros deportes, los expertos en deportes de combate anticipan mejor las acciones del oponente, usando la información percibida antes y durante el ataque. Esta capacidad está posiblemente beneficiada por la estrategia de búsqueda visual de los expertos (por ejemplo, los pivotes visuales) que optimiza la captura de la información clave. En la sección final, presentamos un modelo que describe cómo evoluciona la relación percepción-acción entre el atacante y su adversario en función de la distancia, la progresión del ataque y la reacción del oponente. También se aportan sugerencias para el entrenamiento y para futuras investigaciones en los deportes de combate.

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