Las relaciones adversas inmediatas relacionadas con la infusión intravenosa de medicamentos en el hospital de día oncológico

Resumen

Immediate adverse reactions related to intravenous infusion of medications at the oncology day hospital Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, oncology, spontaneous notification, pharmacovigilance. Introduction: The toxicity associated with chemotherapeutic treatment must be continuously evaluated for preventive purposes. The contribution of the nursing professional, responsible for the administration stage, is key in the prevention and early detection of adverse events, in order to improve the quality of care. Objective: To quantify and characterize the immediate adverse drug reactions in patients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy at the Oncology Day Hospital. Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective study in which all records of suspected immediate adverse reaction to antineoplastic drugs during a five-year period were reviewed and characterized. Results: 488 adverse reactions were detected in 371 different patients. The reactions were severe in 5%. The main location of the tumor was breast (37%), intestinal (19%), ovarian (15%) and pulmonary (11%). The medications most frequently involved were Docetaxel (30%), Oxaliplatin (20%), Paclitaxel (19%) and Carboplatin (13%). The taxanes, monoclonal antibodies and anthracyclines, caused a reaction mainly during the first three cycles (85%, 87% and 92% respectively) and platinum compounds from the seventh cycle (42%). The most frequently affected organs and systems were the skin and subcutaneous tissue (61%), respiratory system (40%) and vascular system disorders (34%). Conclusions: The type of tumor, the therapeutic group and the patient's history are related to severe RAM. The knowledge of the pharmacological characteristics and of the risks on the part of the nursing professionals, is key to ensure a more efficient and safe administration.