Factores de riesgo de complicaciones en implantoprótesis en base a un estudio clínico restrospectivo

Abstract

Background and objectives: It has been shown that oral bacteria organized in biofilm are involved in etiology and the development of peri-implant diseases, such as mucositis and peri-implantitis, associated with the use of dental implants. Even today, no consensus has been reached regarding the most favorable material to avoid the development of the infection or the most appropriate treatment to combat it. Studying the risk factors are a hope to reduce failures and also obtain more quality of life for people who need this treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main risk factors that could be an obstacle to a favorable outcome in implant proto-prosthesis. Materials and Methods: We used a data collection sheet in an observational research in patients of the Buccofacial Protheses and Occlusion Master's Clinic of the Complutense University of Madrid. We got a sample with 112 patients who will participate in a review consultation at the Clinic. These patients were cited by telephone, according to information present in the physical medical record, upon authorization of the Collaborating Directors. First they were asked about socio-demographic data, oral hygiene and general health. Then, in a clinical observation, it was possible to obtain specific data on the remanent teeth and implants present. Finally, they were asked questions that have to do with the well being of the patient and their quality of life after the implant treatment. The statistical analysis was done according to the type of shows. Results: The main result found is that regardless of the type of implant prosthesis used by each patient, there is a very high level of satisfaction in both aesthetic and functional aspects. It was also possible to observe a good level of skill in the mastication. The main risk factors such as heart problems, diabetes, osteoporosis, or use of tobacco and alcohol will be fully controlled with medicines and healthy habits. The patients demonstrate a great desire to continue doing treatment with implants or in other fields of dentistry. Conclusions: According to the results of this in vivo retrospective observational study, the greater the need for regenerative techniques, the greater the possibility of failure in treatment with implanto - prosthesis.