Variaciones de inervación del nervio peroneo superficial y sural en la zona proximal del pieestudio anatómico cadavérico

Résumé

Introduction: There are important variations in the innervation of the dorsum of the foot and leg regarding the distribution of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and sural nerve (SN). Although several patterns have been described, literature has not reach a consensus on the percentages of those patterns. Materials and methods: A cadaveric anatomical study was performed on 49 fresh frozen lower limbs. The study had a transversal descriptive design. A systematic dissection was carried out on dorsum of the foot of the specimens and the estimated prevalence of anatomic variations taking as reference 3 patterns of distribution was calculated. Measurements of perforation of the SPN and SN were also taken. Results: The patterns of distribution of SPN were: 48.89 % (CI 95 % from 33.70 % to 64.08 %) had a type I distribution, where SPN pierces deep fascia and then it divides into medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCN) and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCN); 33.33 % (CI 95 % from 19.01 % to 47.66 %) had a type II distribution, where SPN bifurcates and then pierces the fascial layer separately as MDCN and IDCN; 17.78 % (CI 95 % from 6.16 % to 29.39 %) had a type III distribution, where SPN pierces deep fascia, courses identical as MDCN and IDCN is absent. Conclusion: The present study gives data on the pattern of distribution of the innervation of the dorsum of the foot and leg and its percentages in a sample of 49 feet. The information reported has important implications in surgical and anesthetic approaches of the foot and ankle