Utilización de la PCR para el diagnóstico en Ictiopatología

  1. Alicia Gibello 1
  2. Maria del Mar Blanco 1
  3. Lucas Domínguez 1
  4. José F. Fernández- Garayzábal 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Patología Animal I (Sanidad Animal). Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Revista:
AquaTIC: revista electrónica de acuicultura

ISSN: 1578-4541

Año de publicación: 2001

Número: 15

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: AquaTIC: revista electrónica de acuicultura

Resumen

Las enfermedades infecciosas constituyen uno de los principales problemas en piscicultura, tanto desde el punto de vista sanitario como económico. Realizar de forma rápida el diagnóstico de los animales enfermos y evitar el desarrollo de ciertas enfermedades mediante la detección de los animales portadores del patógeno constituyen, junto con la vacunación y las buenas prácticas de manejo, las medidas más eficaces de prevención de estas patologías. En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado diversas técnicas de diagnóstico rápido basadas en métodos genéticos, entre los que destaca la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). En este trabajo se evalúan las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización de la técnica de PCR en la detección de los microorganismos patógenos para los peces.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Altinok, I., Grizzle, J.M. and Liu, Z. (2000). Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout blood by use of the polymerase chain reaction. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 44: 29-34.
  • Andree, K.B., MacConnell, E. y Hedrick, R.P. (1998). A nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of genomic DNA of Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 34: 145-154.
  • Aoki, T., Park, C-I., Yamashita, H. y Hirono, I. (2000). Species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers for Lactococcus garvieae. Journal of Fish Diseases 23: 1-6.
  • Bandín, I., Santos, Y., Barja, J.I., Toranzo, A.E. (1996). Growth of the fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum on different media. Microbiologia. 12: 439-42.
  • Baloda, S.B., Krovacek, K., Eriksson, L., Linne, T., Mansson, I. (1995). Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas strains isolated from drinking water, fish and foods by the polymerase chain reaction. Comp. Immunology and Microbiology Infectious Diseases 18:17-26.
  • Bell, A.S., Yokoyama, H., Aoki, T., Takahashi, M. y Maruyama, K. (1999). Single and nested polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of Microsporidium seriolae (Microspora), the causative agent of "Beko" disease in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 37: 127-134.
  • Bernardet, J.F. y Kerouault, B. (1989). Phenotypic and genomic studies of Cytophaga psychrophila isolated
  • from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in France. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55: 1796-1800.
  • Blake, S.L., Schill, W.B., Mcallister, P.E., Lee, M-K, Singer, J.T. y Nicholson, B.L. (1995). Detection and identification of Aquatic birnaviruses by PCR assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33: 835-839.
  • Blanco, M.M., Gibello, A. y Fernández-Garayzábal, J.F. (2000). Influence of fish health management: Bases, procedures and economic implications. Options méditerranéennes, vol. 51. Global quality assessment in Mediterranean aquaculture (pp. 45-49).
  • Blanco, M.M., Gibello, A. Vela, A.I., Moreno, M.A., Dominguez, L. y Fernández-Garayzábal, J.F. (2001). PCR detection and PFGE DNA macrorestriction analyses of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica from Winter Disease outbreaks in sea bream. Enviado a Diseases of Aquatic Organisms.
  • Boudinot, P., Massin, P., Blanco, M., Riffault, S. y Benmansour, A. (1999). vig-1, a new fish gene induced by the Rhabdovirus Glycoprotein, has a virus-induced homologue in Humans and shares conserved motifs with the MoaA family. Journal of Virology 73: 1846-1852.
  • Boyle J. Y Blackwell, J. (1991). Use of polymerase chain reaction to detect latent channel catfish virus. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 52: 1965-1968.
  • Brasher, C.W., DePaola, A., Jones, D.D., Bej, A.K. (1998). Detection of microbial pathogens in shellfish with multiplex PCR. Current Microbiology 37:101-7.
  • Brown, L.L., Iwama, G.K., Evelyn, T.P.T., Nelson, W.S. and Levine, R.P. (1994). Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect DNA from Renibacterium salmoninarum within individual salmonid eggs. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 18: 165-171.
  • Busch, R.A., y Lingg, A.J. (1975). Establishment of an asymptomatic carrier state infection of enteric redmouth disease in rainbow trout (Salmo gaidneri). Journal of Fish Research Board Can. 32: 2429-2432.
  • Cacho, A.M. (1999). Normativa y situación del uso de fármacos en acuicultura. AquaTIC nº 6 (Febrero): http://aquatic.unizar.es/N2/art604/antibio.htm
  • Coleman, S.S., Melason, D.M., Biosca, E.G., y Oliver, J.D. (1996). Detection of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes 1 and 2 in eels and oysters by PCR amplification. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 1378-1382.
  • Cook, M y Lynch W.H. (1999). A sensitive nested reverse transcriptase PCR assay to detect viable cells of the fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65: 3042-3047.
  • Doménech, A., Fernández-Garayzábal, J.F. Lawson, P., García, J.A., Cutuli, M.T., Blanco, M., Gibello, A., Moreno, M.A., Collins, M.D. y Domínguez, L. (1997). Winter disease outbreak in sea-bream (Sparus aurata) associated with Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection. Aquaculture 156: 317-326.
  • Einer-Jensen, K., Olesen,N.J., Lorenzen, N. y Jorgensen, P.E.V. (1995). Use of the polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) to differentiate serologically similar viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) virus isolates from Europe and
  • America. Veterinary Research 26: 464-469.
  • Fryer, J.L., Lannan, C.N., Giovannoni, S.J., Wood, N.D. (1992). Piscirickettsia salmonis gen. Vov., sp. Nov., the causative agent of an epizootic disease in salmonid fishes. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 42: 120-126.
  • Furones, M.D., Rodgers, C.J. y Munn, C.B. (1993). Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in fish. Annual Revision of Fish Diseases 3: 105-125.
  • Gibello, A., Blanco, M.M., Moreno, M.A., Cutuli, M.T., Doménech, A., Domínguez, L. y Fernández- Garayzábal, J.F. (1999). Development of a PCR assay for detection of Yersinia ruckeri in tisues of inoculated and naturally infected trout. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65: 346-350.
  • Greco, G., Corrente, M., Martella, V., Pratelli, A., y Buonavoglia, D. (2001). A multiplex-PCR for the diagnosis of contagious agalactia of sheep and goats. Molecular and Cellular Probes 15: 21-25.
  • Gustafson, C.E., Thomas, C.J. y Trust, T.J. (1992). Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from fish by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the virulence surface array protein gene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58: 3816-25.
  • Heath, S., Pak, S. Marshall, S., Prager, E.M., y Orrego, C. (2000). Monitoring Piscirickettsia salmonis by denaturant gel electrophoresis and competitive PCR.
  • Hiney, M.P. y Smith, P.R. (1998). Validation of polymerase chain reaction-based techniques for proxy detection of bacterial fish pathogens: framework, problems and possible solutions for environmental applications. Aquaculture 162: 41-68.
  • Hirono, I., Masuda, T. y Aoki, T. (1996). Cloning and detection of the hemolysin gene of Vibrio anguillarum. Microbial Pathogenesis 21:173-182.
  • Hoie, S., Heum, M. y Thoresen, O.F. (1997). Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for the detection of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 30: 27-35.
  • Hung H.W., Lo, C.F., Tseng, C.C., Peng S.E., Chou, C.M. and Kou G.H. (1998). The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence of Pleistophora anguillarum and the use of PCR primers for diagnostic detection of the parasite. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 45: 556-5560.
  • Inglis, V., Ferichs,G.N., Millar, S.D., y Richards,R.H. (1991). Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., in Scotland. Journal of Fish Diseases 14: 353-358.
  • Kancharla, S. R. and Hanson, L.A. (1996). Production and shedding of channel catfish virus (CCV) and thymidine kinase negative CCV in immersion exposed channel catfish fingerlings. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 27: 25-34.
  • Magariños, B., Romalde, J.L., Barja, J.L. y Toranzo, A.E. (1994). Evidence of a dormant but infective state of the fish pathogen Pasteurella piscicida in seawater and sediment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60:180-6.
  • Magnússon, H.B., Fridjónsson, O.H., Andrésson, O.S.,
  • Benediktsdóttir, E., Gudmundsdóttir,S. y Andrésdóttir, V. (1994). Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fish, detected by nested reverse transcription-PCR of 16S rRNA sequences. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60:4580-4583.
  • Mjaaland, S., Rimstad, E., Falk, K. y Dannevig, B.H. (1997). Genomic characterization of the virus causing infectious Salmon anemia in Atlantic Salmon (Salmon salar L.): an Orthomyxo-like virus in a teleost. Journal of Virology 71: 7681-7686.
  • Mauel, M.J., Giovannoni, S.J. y Fryer, J.L. (1996). Development of polymerase chain reaction assays for detection, identification, and differentation of Piscirickettsia salmonis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 26: 189- 195.
  • McIntosh, D., Meaden, P.G. y Austin, B. (1996). A simplified PCR-based method for the detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum utilizing preparations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) lymphocytes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62: 3929-3932.
  • Miriam, A., Griffiths, S.G., Lovely, J.E., y Lynch, W.H. (1997). PCR and Probe-PCR assays to monitor broodstock Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) ovarian fluid and kidney tissue for presence of DNA of the fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35: 1322-1326.
  • Morgan, J.A., Rhodes, G., y Pickup, R.W. (1993). Survival of nonculturable Aeromonas salmonicida in lake water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59: 874-80.
  • O'Brien, D., Mooney, J., Ryan, D., Powell, E., Hiney, M., Smith, P.R. y Powell, R. (1994). Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida, causal agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish, from the tank effluent of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60: 3874-7.
  • Orego, C. (1990). Organizing a laboratory for PCR work. In PCR Protocols: A guide to methods and applications. Pp: 447-454. Edited by M.A. Innis, D.H.Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky and T.J. White. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, California.
  • Osorio, C.R., Toranzo, A.E., Romalde, J.L. y Barja, J.L. (2000). Multiplex PCR assay for the ureC and 16S rRNA genes clearly discriminates between both subspecies of Photobacterium damselae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 40: 177-183.
  • Overtuf, K. , LaPatra, S. y Powell, M. (2001). Real-time PCR for the detection and quantitative analysis of IHNV in
  • salmonids. Journal of Fish Diseases 24: 325-333.
  • Pace, N.R. (1997). Opening the door onto the natural microbial world: molecular microbial ecology. The
  • Harvard Lectures 91: 178-202.
  • Palenzuela, O., Trobridge, G. Y Bartholomew, J. (1999). Development of a polymerase chain reaction diagnostic assay for Ceratomyxa shasta, a myxosporean parasite of salmonid fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 36: 45-51.
  • Post, G. (1987). Textbook of Fish Health. TFH Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey.
  • Reno, P.W. (1998). Factors involved in the dissemination of disease in fish populations. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 10:160-171.
  • Rocha, A. y Coll, J.M. (2000). Investigación actual en vacunas para la acuicultura. AquaTIC nº11 (Octubre): http://aquatic.unizar.es/N3/art1106/vacunas.htm
  • Saulnier, D. y de Kinkelin, P. (1997). Polymerase Chain reaction primers for investigations on the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease of salmonids. Journal of Fish Diseases 20: 467-470.
  • Tang, K.F.J., y Lightner, D.V. (2001). Detection and quantification of infectious hypodermal and hemaatopoietic necrosis virus in penaeid shrimp by real-time PCR. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 44: 79-85.
  • Temprano, A., Yugueros, J., Hernanz, C., Sánchez, M., Berzal, B., Luengo, J.M., y Naharro G. (2001). Rapid identification of Yersinia ruckeri by PCR amplification of yruI-yruR quorum sensing. Journal of Fish Diseases 24: 253-261.
  • Teshager, T., Moreno, M.A. y Domínguez, L. (2000). The need for the establishment of Veterinary antimicrobial resistance surveillance networks. Recent Research Development Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 4: 63-79.
  • Thiery, R., Raymond, J.C. y Castric, J. (1999). Natural outbreak of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax: study by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Virus Research 63: 11-17.
  • Toranzo, A., Combarro, P., Lemos, M. y Barja, J. (1984). Plasmid coding for transferable drug resistance in bacteria isolated from cultured rainbow trout. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48: 872-677.
  • Toyama, T., Kita-Tsukamoto, K. y Wakabayashi, H. (1994). Identification of Cytophaga psychrophila by PCR targeted 16S ribosomal DNA. Fish Pathology 29: 271-275.
  • Urdaci, M.C., Chakroun, C. Faure, D. y Bernardet, J.-F. (1998). Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for identification and detection of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Research Microbiology 149: 519-530.
  • Vaneechoutte, M. y Eldere, J.V. (1997). The possibilities and limitations of nucleic acid amplification technology in diagnostic microbiology. Journal of Medicine Microbiology 46: 188-194.
  • Villoing, S., Castric, J., Jeffroy, J., Le Ven,A., Thiery, R. y Bremont, M. (2000). An RT-PCR-based method for yhe diagnosis of the sleeping disease virus in experimentally and naturally infected salmonids. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 40: 19-27.
  • Widmer, F., Seidler, R.J., Gillevet, P.T., Watrud, L.S., y Di Giovanni, G.D. (1998). A highly selective PCR protocol for detecting 16S rRNA genes of the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) in environmental samples. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64: 2545-2553.
  • Wiklund, T., Madsen, L., Bruun, M.S. y Dalsgaard, I. (2000). Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from fish tissue and water samples by PCR amplification. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 299-307.
  • Wilson, I.G. (1997). Inhibition y facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63: 3741-3751.
  • Williams, K., Blake, A., Sweeney, A. (1999). Multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR assay for simultaneous detection of three fish viruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37: 4139-4141.
  • Zlotkin, A., Eldar, A., Ghittino, C. y Bercovier, H. (1998a). Identification of Lactococcus garvieae by PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36: 983-5.
  • Zlotkin, A., Hershko, H., Eldar, A. (1998b). Possible transmission of Streptococcus iniae from wild fish to cultured marine fish. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64: 4065-7.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet