Psicopatología en el paciente con obesidad

  1. Javier Quintero 1
  2. Miriam P. Félix Alcántara 2
  3. Cristina Banzo-Arguis 2
  4. Raquel Martínez de Velasco Soriano 2
  5. Eduardo Barbudo 3
  6. Belen Silveria 4
  7. Josefa Pérez-Templado Ladrón de Guevara 5
  1. 1 Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor; Fundación Psiformación
  2. 2 Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor,
  3. 3 Fundación Psiformación; Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Clínico San Carlos
  4. 4 Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor
  5. 5 Fundación Psiformación
Revista:
Salud mental

ISSN: 0185-3325

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 39

Número: 3

Páginas: 123-130

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Salud mental

Resumen

INTRODUCCIÓN: En las dos últimas décadas se han multiplicado las publicaciones científicas que cuestionan la definición médica tradicional de la obesidad por haberse centrado en el tejido adiposo (menos inerte y más interconectado con los demás tejidos de lo que se pensaba), y en un modelo patogénico heredado del siglo XIX que reducía el problema a un mero desequilibrio entre la incorporación y el gasto de energía, todo ello vagamente modulado por factores que se analizaban como variables secundarias: psicosociales y neuroendocrinas. OBJETIVO: Relacionar la psicopatología y la obesidad, dando prioridad a los puntos de vista emocional y de comportamiento como focos para descomponer al grupo de obesos en perfiles emocional-conductuales que requerirían tratamientos diferenciales. MÉTODO: Se presentan datos descriptivos de los 180 primeros pacientes incluidos del programa de Estudio de los Aspectos Emocionales del Sobrepeso y la Obesidad del Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor en Madrid; se realizó una entrevista semi-estructurada y una batería de test psicométricos; se presentan datos descriptivos y un análisis de asociación entre Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y ansiedad o depresión. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los pacientes tienen alta puntuación en psicopatología; el 80.9% tenía sintomatología depresiva importante, el 56.39% tenía elevada ansiedad-rasgo, el 48.26% tenía elevada ansiedad-estado, el 24.4% cumplía criterios de trastorno por atracones y el 11.9% de bulimia nerviosa (BN); un 17.3% tenía criterios de trastorno por estrés postraumático. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados apoyan la asociación esencial entre obesidad y psicopatología.

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