Luz y ritmos circadianosefectos en la salud y en el desempeño
- Lillo Jover, Julio 1
- Álvaro Llorente, Leticia 1
- Moreira, Humberto 2
- Durán Pullido, Mª del Carmen 1
-
1
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
info
- 2 Escuela Universitaria Cardenal Cisneros
ISSN: 1134-7937
Año de publicación: 2010
Volumen: 16
Número: 2-3
Páginas: 259-269
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Ansiedad y estrés
Resumen
Se proporciona una visión global sobre la estructura y funcionamiento del sistema circadiano. Tal visión ayuda a entender mejor los problemas derivados de su mal funcionamiento y cómo compensarlos mediante la terapia lumínica. También se muestra que lo más relevante para la sincronización del sistema circadiano es la exposición a los ciclos de luz-oscuridad. Se explica por qué los trabajadores nocturnos tienen más problemas de salud. Se explican las diferencias entre la estimulación circadiana y la estimulación visual y a continuación se analiza por qué la fotometría estándar no proporciona mediciones adecuadas para determinar la estimulación que actúa sobre el sistema circadiano. Para terminar, se describen la filosofía de la terapia lumínica y su eficacia para evitar-eliminar problemas asociados al funcionamiento inadecuado del sistema circadiano en lo que tiene que ver con (1) su activación transitoria, (2) el desajuste entre los relojes circadiano y biológico y (3) la depresión estacional.
Referencias bibliográficas
- American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: APA
- Aschoff, J., Fatranska, M., Heidke, H., Doerr, P., Stamm, D., & Wisser, H. (1971). Human circadian rhythms in continuous darkness: Entrainment by social cues. Science, 171, 213-215.
- Badia, P., Myers, B., Culpepper, J. & Harsh, J.R. (1991). Bright light effects on body temperature, alertness, EEG and behavior. Physiology and Behavior, 50, 583-588.
- Boyce, P. R. (2003). Human factors in lighting (2nd ed.). Chapter 3: The Circadian System (pp. 115-116). London: Taylor & Francis.
- Brainard, G. C., Hanifin, J. P., Greeson, J. M., Byrne, B., Glickman, G., Gerner, E. et al. (2001). Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: Evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 6405-6412.
- Cajochen, C., Khalsa, S.B.S., Wyatt, J.K., Czeisler, C.A., & Dijk, D.J. (1999). EEG and ocular correlates of circadian melatonin phase and human performance decrements during sleep loss. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 277, 640-649.
- Czeisler, C.A. & Dijk, D.-J. (2001). Human Circadian Physiology and Sleep-Wake Regulation. En J.S. Takahashi, F.W. Turek & R.Y. Moore (Eds.), Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology: Circadian Clocks (pp. 531-569). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishing.
- Czeisler, C.A., Duffy, J.F., Sanan, T.L., Brown, E.N., Mitchell, J.F., Rimmer, D.W., et al. (1999). Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker. Science, 284, 2177-2181.
- Czeisler, C. A., Richardson, G. S., Zimmerman, J. C., Moore-Ede, M. C. & Weitzman, E. D. (1981). Entrainment of human circadian rhythms by light-dark cycles: A reassessment. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 34, 239-247.
- Czeisler, C.A., Shanahan, T.L., Klerman, E.B., Martens, H., Brotman, D.J., Emens, J.S. et al. (1995). Suppression of melatonin secretion in some blind patients by exposure to bright light. The New England Journal of Medicine, 332, 6-11.
- Dacey, D. M., Liao, H.-W., Peterson, B. B., Robinson, F. R., Smith, V. C., Pokorny, J. et al. (2005). Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN. Nature, 433, 749-754.
- Dijk, D. J., Boulos, Z., Eastman, C. I., Lewy, A. J., Campbell, S. S. & Terman, M. (1995). Light treatment for sleep disorders: consensus report: II. Basic properties of circadian physiology and sleep regulation. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 10,113-125.
- Dijk, D.J. & von Schantz, M. (2005). Timing and consolidation of human sleep, wakefulness, and performance by a symphony of oscillators. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 20, 279-290.
- Eastman, C. I., Stewart, K. T., Mahoney, M. P., Liu, L. & Fogg, L. F. (1994). Dark goggles and bright light improve circadian rhythm adaptation to nightshift work. Sleep, 17, 535-43.
- Folkard, S. & Monk, T. H. (1979). Shiftwork and performance. Human Factors, 21, 483-492.
- Folkard, S. & Tucker, P. (2003). Shiftwork, safety and productivity. Occupational Medicine, 53, 95-101.
- Foster, R.G., Provencio, I., Hudson, D., Fiske, S., De Grip, W., & Menaker, M. (1991). Circadian photoreception in the retinally degenerate mouse (rd/rd). Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 169, 39-50.
- French, J., Hannon, J.P. & Brainard, G.C. (1990). Effects of bright illuminance on human performance and body temperature. Annual Review of Chronopharmacology, 7, 37-40.
- Hattar, S., Kumar, M., Park, A., Tong, P., Tung, J., Yau, K. W. et al. (2006). Central projections of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 497, 326-349.
- Ishizaki, M., Morikawa, Y., Nakagawa, H., Honda, R., Kawakami, N., Haratani, T. et al. (2004). The influence of work characteristics on body mass index and waist to hip ratio in Japanese employees. Industrial Health, 42, 41-49.
- Klein, K. E., & Wegmann, H .M. (1974). The resynchronization of human circadian rhythms after transmeridian flights as a result of flight direction and mode of activity. En L.E. Scheving, F. Halberg, & J. E. Pauly (Eds.), Chronobiology, (pp.564-570). Tokio, Japón: Igaku Shoin.
- Klein, T., Martens, H., Dijk, D.J., Kronauer, R., Seely, E. W. & Czeisler, C. A. (1993). Circadian sleep regulation in the absence of light perception: Chronic non-24-hour circadian rhythm sleep disorder in a blind man with a regular 24- hour sleep-wake schedule. Sleep, 16, 333-343.
- Klein, T., Moore, R. Y. & Reppert, S. M. (1991). Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Mind's Clock. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Knuttson, A. (2003). Health Disorders and Shift Workers. Occupational Medicine, 53, 103-108.
- Golden, R.N., Gaynes, B.N., Ekstrom, R.D., Hamer, R.M., Jacobsen, F.M., Suppes, T. et al. (2005). The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: A review and meta-analysis of the evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 656-662.
- Jewett, M.E., Rimmer, D.W., Duffy, J.F., Klerman, E.B., Kronauer, R.E. & Czeisler, C.A. (1997). Human circadian pacemaker is sensitive to light throughout subjective day without evidence of transients. American Journal of Physiology, 273, 1800-1809.
- Lillo, J. (2000). Ergonomía. Evaluación y diseño del entorno visual. Madrid: Alianza.
- Martín, J., Díaz, E. & Rubio, S. (1995). Hacia un modelo de selección específico para trabajadores de turnos rotativos. Ansiedad y Estrés, 1, 173-187.
- McIntyre, I.M., Norman, T.R., Burrows, G.D. & Armstrong, S.M. (1989). Quantal melatonin suppression by exposure to low intensity light in man. Life Science, 45, 327-332.
- Menaker, M.(1997). Commentary: What does melatonin do and how does it do it? Journal of Biological Rhythms, 12, 532-534.
- Miles, L.E., Raynal, D.M. & Wilson, M.A. (1977). Blind man living in normal society has circadian rhythms of 24.9 hours. Science, 198, 421-423.
- Mills, P. R., Tomkins, S. C. & Schlangen, L. J. M. (2007). The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance. Journal of Circadian Rhythms, 5, 1-9.
- Minors, D. S. & Waterhouse, J. M. (1981). Circadian Rhythms and the Human. Bristol, UK: Wright.
- Popkin, S. M., Howarth, H. D. & Tepas, D. I. (2006). Ergonomics of work systems. En G. Salvendy (Ed.), Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 761-800). Hoboken, EE. UU.: John Wiley and Sons.
- Presser, H. B. (2003). Working in a 24/7 economy: Challenges for American families. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
- Rosa, R.R. (1993). Napping at home and alertness on the job in rotating shift workers. Sleep, 16, 727-735.
- Rosenthal, N. E., Sack, D. A., James, S. P., Parry, B. L., Mendelson, W. B., Tamarkin, L. et al. (1985). Seasonal Affective disorder and phototherapy. En R. J. Wurtman, M. J. Baum & J. T. Potts, Jr. (Eds.), The Medical and Biological Effects of Light. New York, EE. UU.: New York Academy of Sciences.
- Saper, C.B., Lu, J. , Chou, T. C. & Gooley, J. (2005). The hypothalamic integrator for circadian rhythms. Trends of Neurosciences, 28, 152-157.
- Soria, V. & Urretavizcaya, M. (2009). Ritmos circadianos y depresión. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 37, 222-232.
- Stevens R. G., Wilson B. W., Anderson L.E. (1997). The Melatonin Hypothesis - Breast Cancer and Use of Electric Power. Columbus, EE. UU.: Battelle Press.
- Swerdlow, A. (2003). Shiftwork and breast cancer: A critical review of the epidemiological evidence. Norwich: Health and Safety Executive.
- Tam, E.M. & Lam, R.W. (1995). Treatment of seasonal affective disorder: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 457-466.
- Tepas, D. I., Armstrong, D. R., Carlson, M.L., Duchon, J. C., Gersten, A. H. & Lezotte, D. V. (1985). Changing industry to continuous operations: Different strokes for different plants. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 17, 670-676.
- Tepas, D.I. & Carvalhais, A.B. (1990). Sleep patterns of shiftworkers. En A. J. Scott (Ed.), Shiftwork. Occupational medicine: State of the art reviews, (Vol. 5, No. 2). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus.
- Tepas, D.I. & Mahan, R.P. (1989). The many meanings of sleep. Work and Stress, 3, 93-102.
- Terman, M. (2007). Evolving applications of light therapy. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 11, 497-507.
- Thapan, K., Arendt, J. & Skene D. J. (2001). An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: Evidence for a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor system in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 535, 261-267.
- Vandewalle, G., Maquet, P. & Dijk, D. J. (2009). Light as a modulator of cognitive brain function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 429-438.
- Van Reeth, O., Sturis, J., Byrne, M. M., Blackman, J. D., L'Hermite- Balériaux, M., Leproult, R. et al. (1994). Nocturnal exercise phase delays circadian rhythms of melatonin and thyrotropin secretion in normal men. The American Journal of Physiology, 266, 964-974.
- Van Someren, E. J., Lijzenga, C., Mirmiran, M. & Swaab, D. F. (1997). Long-term fitness training improves the circadian rest-activity rhythm in healthy elderly males. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 12, 146-156.
- Wever, R. A. (1979). The Circadian System of Man. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
- Zaidi, F.H., Hull, J. T., Peirson, S. N., Wulff, K., Aeschbach, D., Gooley, J. J. et al. (2007). Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina. Current Biology, 17, 2122-2128.