Antropometría y fuerza, su influencia sobre el Test Sit and Reach

  1. José Luis Delgado Martín 1
  2. Ignacio Garoz Puerta 1
  3. Francisco Miguel Tobal 2
  4. Vicente Martínez de Haro 1
  1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01cby8j38

  2. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Journal:
Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

ISSN: 1577-0354

Year of publication: 2020

Volume: 20

Issue: 78

Pages: 369-380

Type: Article

DOI: 10.15366/RIMCAFD2020.78.012 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

Sustainable development goals

Abstract

Analyzes the influence of kinanthropometric and dynamometric variables on the Sit and Reach test in amateur athletes. We used twenty anthropometric variables, four dynamometry tests, the Sit and Reach test and the amount of physical activity practiced. Significant differences were found between men and women in terms of flexibility levels. The prediction equations were differed according to gender (30.6% men and 32.5% women), height being an influential factor in women. The general prediction equation calculated, the level is 39.1% (moderate). Men and women show significant differences in all anthropometric variables except subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds. What other factors influence the kind of results that can be expected? The results of the flexibility test are not influenced by the anthropometric and dynamometric variables, or by the type of physical activity performed. The strength index does not correlate with the Sit and Reach test value.

Bibliographic References

  • Bouchard, C., Shephard, R., Stephens, T., Sutton, J. & McPherson, B. Exerc fit health: the consens statement. Paper presented at the Exercise, fitness, and health: a consensus of current knowledge: proceedings of the International Conference on Exercise, fitness and health, May 29-June 3, 1988, Toronto, Canada.
  • Pate, R. R. The evolving definition of physical fitness. Quest 1988;40(3):174-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1988.10483898
  • Wells K.F, Dillon E.K. The sit and reach—a test of back and leg flexibility. Res Quart. American Assoc Health Phys Education Recreate 1952;23(1):115-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1952.10761965
  • American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD). Health Relat Phys Fittest Man. Reston, Va, USA: AAHPERD; 1980.
  • COUNCIL OF EUROPE. Committee for the Development of Sport: European test of physical fitness. Handb Eurofit Test Phys Fit. Rome: CONI;1988.
  • Pyke, J. Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. Australian health and fitness survey. Parkside, South Australia: ACHPER, (1985).
  • Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Can Phys Activity Fit Lifestyle Appraisal. Ottawa, ON, Health Canada;1996.
  • Smith, J. F. & Miller, C. V. The effect of head position on sit and reach performance. Res Q Exercise Sport 1985;56(1):84-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1985.10608437.
  • Miñarro, P. A. L., de Baranda Andújar, P. S., García, P. L. R. & Toro, E. O. A comparison of the spine posture among several sit-and-reach test protocols. J Sci Med Sport 2007;10(6):456-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.10.003 PMid:17298887
  • Hemmatinezhad, M., Afsharnezhad, T., Nateghi, N. & Damirchi, A. The relationship between limb length with classical and modified back saver sit-and-reach tests in student boys. Int J Fit 2009;5(1):69-78.
  • Rubinfeld, M. J. Wygand, J., & Otto, R. M. Hamstring flexibility as assessed by multiple angle Sit & Reach box apparatus. Med Sci Sport Exer 2002;34(5):S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00844.
  • Muyor, J. M., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Alacid, F. & López-Miñarro, P. A. Criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach and toe-touch tests as a measure of hamstring extensibility in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2014;28(2):546-555. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31829b54fb PMid:24476746
  • Perin, A., Ulbricht, L. & Borba Neves, E. Contribution of different body segments in Sit and Reach Test. Motricidade 2015;11(2):153-162. http://ds.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.6006.
  • Simoneau, G. G. The Impact of Various Anthropometric and Flexibility Measurements on the Sit-and-Reach Test. J Strength Cond Res 1998;12(4):232-237. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199811000-00005
  • Chillón, P., Castro-Piñero, J., Ruiz, J. R., Soto, V. M., Carbonell-Baeza, A., Dafos, J. & Ortega, F. B. Hip flexibility is the main determinant of the back-saver sit-and-reach test in adolescents. J Sport Sci 2010;28(6):641-648. https;//doi.org/10-1080/02640411003606234 PMid:20397092
  • López-Miñarro, P. A. & Rodríguez-García, P. L. Hamstring muscle extensibility influences the criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach and toe-touch tests. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(4):1013-1018. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c7c60d PMid:20300025
  • Mier, C. M. Accuracy and feasibility of video analysis for assessing hamstring flexibility and validity of the sit-and-reach test. Res Q Exercise Sport 2011;82(4):617-623. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599798 PMid:22276403
  • Mayorga-Vega, D., Merino-Marban, R. & Viciana, J. Criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach tests for estimating hamstring and lumbar extensibility: A meta-analysis. J Sport Sci Med 2014;13(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2014.91.18
  • Ayala, F., de Baranda, P. S., Croix, M. D. S. & Santonja, F. Reproducibility and criterion-related validity of the sit and reach test and toe touch test for estimating hamstring flexibility in recreationally active young adults. Phys Ther Sport 2012;13(4):219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.001 PMid:23068896.
  • World Health Organization. Expert Committee on Physical Status: The use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. WHO tech rep ser 854. Geneva: WHO, 1995.
  • Kraemer W.J, Adams K, Cafarelli E., Dudley G.A., Dooly C., Feigenbaum M.S., Fleck S.J., Franklin B., Fry A.C., Hoffman J.R. & al. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34(2):364-380. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200202000-00027 PMid:11828249
  • Chandrasekaran, B., Ghosh, A., Prasad, C., Krishnan, K. & Chandrasharma, B. (2010). Age and anthropometric traits predict handgrip strength in healthy normals. J Hand Microsurg 2010;2(2):58-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12593-010-0015-6. PMid:22282669 PMCid:PMC3122705
  • Silva, N. d. A., Menezes, T. N. d., Melo, R. L. P. d. & Pedraza, D. F. Handgrip strength and flexibility and their association with anthropometric variables in the elderly. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2013;59(2):128-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ramb.2012.10.002 PMid:23582553
  • Sharma, H. B. & Kailashiya, J. The Anthropometric Correlates for the Physiological Demand of Strength and Flexibility: A study in Young Indian Field Hockey Players. J Clin Diagn Res 2017;11(6):CC01-CC05. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26358.9965 PMid:28764148 PMCid:PMC5535341
  • Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR. & al. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43(7):1334-1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb PMid:21694556
  • Stewart, A., Marfell-Jones, M., Olds, T. & de Ridder, H. International standards for anthropometric assessment: ISAK: Lower Hutt. New Zealand, 2011.
  • Hopkins W, Marshall S, Batterham A, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278 PMid:19092709
  • Gleim, G. W. & McHugh, M. P. Flexibility and its effects on sports injury and performance. Sports Med 1997;24(5):289-299. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199724050-00001 PMid:9368275
  • Arellano, C. J. & Kram, R. The effects of step width and arm swing on energetic cost and lateral balance during running. J Biomech 2011;44(7):1291-1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.01.002 PMid:21316058
  • Bale, P., Rowell, S. & Colley, E. (1985). Anthropometric and training characteristics of female marathon runners as determinants of distance running performance. J Sport Sci 1985;3(2):115-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418508729741 PMid:4094022
  • Vila, M., Manchado, C., Abraldes, J. & Ferragut, C. Predicting playing status in professional water polo players: analysis by gender. J Sport Med Phys Fit 2017;58(9):1234-39. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07201-2.
  • Carrasco Páez, L., Martínez Pardo, E. & Nadal Soler, C. Anthropometric profile, somatotype and body composition of young paddlers. Rev Int Med Cienc AC 2005;5(19):270-282.
  • Iermakov, S., Podrigalo, L. V. & Jagie??o, W. Hand-grip strength as an indicator for predicting the success in martial arts athletes. Arch Budo 2016;12:179-186.
  • Norton, K. & Olds, T. Morphological evolution of athletes over the 20th century. Sports Med 2001;31(11):763-783. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131110-00001 PMid:11583103
  • Kerr D. & Stewart A. Body composition in sport. En: Ackland TR, Elliott BC & Bloomfield J, editors. Applied anatomy and biomechanics in sport. Chicago, IL: Hum Kinet 2009:67-85.
  • Hrazdíra, E., Grasgruber, P. & Kalina, T. The comparison of flexibility in the Czech population aged 18-59 years. J Hum Sport Exerc 2013;8(2):S135-S140. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.8.Proc2.16
  • Shephard, R. J., Berridge, M. & Montelpare, W. On the generality of the “sit and reach” test: an analysis of flexibility data for an aging population. Res Q Exercise Sport 1990;61(4):326-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1990.10607495 PMid:2132890
  • Kim, H.-B., Stebbins, C. L., Chai, J.-H. & Song, J.-K. Taekwondo training and fitness in female adolescents. J Sport Sci 2011;29(2):133-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.525519 PMid:21170802
  • Mathunjwa, M., Mugandani, S., Djarova-Daniels, T., Ngcobo, M. & Ivanov, S. Physical, anthropometric and physiological profiles of experienced junior male and female South African Taekwondo athletes. Afr J Phys Health Education Recreat Dance 2015;21(4:2):1402-1416.
  • Matos-Duarte, M., Martínez-de-Haro, V., Sanz-Arribas, I., Andrade, A. & Chagas, M. H. Longitudinal study of functional flexibility in older physically active. Rev Int Med Cienc AC 2017;17(65):121-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2017.65.008.