Desviaciones respecto a relatividad especial no contenidas en el marco convencional de teoría cuántica de campos local

Resumen

Planck energy is expected to be the scale where quantum gravitational effects are no longer negligible with respect to both classical gravitational effects and the other fundamental interactions. However, after more than thirty years of intense search, the most promising and fascinating candidate [adjetivo: le he quitado la "s" final] theories that aim to give a quantum description of the gravitational field have not been able to make a definite, testable prediction which may refute or validate these proposals as physical theories of nature. And in fact, it is not known with certainty [el "certainty" anterior me parecía un poco ambiguo: "ciertamente, no se sabe...." o "no se sabe con certeza..."; con la nueva redacción, se escoge la segunda opción] whether these approaches contain the standard model of elementary particles and general relativity with its tiny cosmological constant (in Planckian units) in their low-energy or semiclassical limit. As an attempt to remedy this lack of phenomenology and to provide clues to these top-down approaches, the so-called Planckian or quantum gravity phenomenology program tries to design experiments and find observations where an amplifying mechanism transforms [en lugar de "makes"] what would be a minute Planckian effect into a detectable signal. La energía de Planck es considerada la escala a la cual los efectos cuánticos de la gravedad dejan de ser despreciables con respecto a In this talk, we will focus on possible Planck-scale departures from the special theory of relativity. Firstly in a process involving the emission of electrons and positrons by neutrinos, and afterwards in a spectroscopic experiment with very low-energy Caesium atoms where the high-precision determination of some constants such as Rydberg's or the fine structure constant play a key role. Throughout the analysis of these experiments, we will discuss some subjects connected with the deviations from special relativity: the possibility of preserving the relativity principle, the inability/incapability [para evitar repetir "ineffectiveness" junto a "effective" field theory, a menos que esa repetición estuviera hecha a propósito] of effective field theory in describing some Planckian corrections, or how the notion of locality may become a relative concept. We will conclude by introducing the path integral formulation of a quantum field theory with non-canonical commutation relations, and showing how the non-canonical parameter deforms the Lorentz invariance of the standard path integral to a non-local symmetry.