Written Type and Token Frequency Measures of Fifty Spanish Derivational Morphemes

  1. Miguel Lázaro 1
  2. Joana Acha 2
  3. Víctor Illera 1
  4. Javier Sainz 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense (Spain)
  2. 2 Universidad del País Vasco (Spain)
Revista:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 19

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2016.75 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Resumen

Several databases of written language exist in Spanish that manage important information on the lexical and sublexical characteristics of words. However, there is no database with information on the productivity and frequency of use of derivational suffixes: sublexical units with an essential role in the formation of orthographic representations and lexical access. This work examines these two measures, known as type and token frequencies, for a series of 50 derivational suffixes and their corresponding orthographic endings. Derivational suffixes are differentiated from orthographic endings by eliminating pseudoaffixed words from the list of orthographic endings (cerveza [beer] is a simple word despite its ending in -eza). We provide separate data for child and adult populations, using two databases commonly accessed by psycholinguists conducting research in Spanish. We describe the filtering process used to obtain descriptive data that will provide information for future research on token and type frequencies of morphemes. This database is an important development for researchers focusing on the role of morphology in lexical acquisition and access.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Baayen R. H. (2009). Corpus linguistics in morphology: Morphological productivity. In A. Luedeling & M. Kyto (Eds.), Corpus linguistics (pp. 900–919). Berlin, Germany: Mouton De Gruyter.
  • Baayen R. H. (2014). Experimental and psycholinguistic approaches to studying derivation. In R. Lieber & P. Stekauer (Eds.), Handbook of derivational morphology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Baayen R. H., Feldman L. B., & Schreuder R. (2006). Morphological influences on the recognition of monosyllabic monomorphemic words. Journal of Memory and Language, 55, 290–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2006.03.008
  • Baayen R. H., Wurm H. L., & Aycock J. (2007). Lexical dynamics for low-frequency complex words. A regression study across tasks and modalities. The Mental Lexicon, 2, 419–463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.2.3.06baa
  • Bauer L. (2005). Productivity: Theories. In P. Stekauer & R. Lieber (Eds.), Handbook of word-formation (pp. 315–334). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
  • Bertram R., Baayen R. H., & Schreuder R. (2000). Effects of family size for complex words. Journal of Memory and Language, 42, 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ jmla.1999.2681
  • Bertram S., Laine M., & Karvinen K. (1999). The interplay of words formation type, affixal homonymy, and productivity in lexical processing: Evidence from a morphologically rich language. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 28, 213–226.
  • Bertram R., Laine M., & Virkkala M. M. (2000). The role of derivational morphology in vocabulary acquisition: Get by with a little help from my morpheme friends. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 287–296. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00201
  • Bertram R., Schreuder R., & Baayen R. H. (2000). The balance of storage and computation in morphological processing: The role of word formation type, affixal homonymy, and productivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 489–511. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0278-7393.26.2.489
  • Bosque I., & Pérez M. (1987). Diccionario inverso de la lengua española [Inverse dictionary of the Spanish Language]. Madrid, Spain: Gredos.
  • Boudelaa S., & Marslen-Wilson W. D. (2011). Productivity and priming: Morphemic decomposition in Arabic. Language and Cognitive Processes, 26, 624–652. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/01690965.2010.521022
  • Burani C., & Caramazza A. (1987). Representation and processing of derived words. Language and Cognitive Processes, 2, 217–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690968708406932
  • Burani C., & Laudanna A. (2003). Morpheme-based lexical reading: Evidence from pseudoword naming. In E. Assink & D. Sandra (Eds.), Reading complex words (pp. 241–264). New York, NY: Springer US.
  • Burani C., Dovetto F. M., Thornton A. M., & Laudanna A. (1997). Accessing and naming suffixed pseudo-words. In G. E. Booij & J. van Marle (Eds.), Yearbook of morphology (pp. 55–72). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.
  • Burani C., Marcolini S., De Luca M., & Zoccolotti P. (2008). Morpheme-based reading aloud: Evidence from dyslexic and skilled Italian readers. Cognition, 108(1), 243–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.010
  • Burani C., Marcolini S., & Stella G. (2002). How early does morpho-lexical reading develop in readers of a shallow orthography? Brain and Language, 81, 568–586. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1006/brln.2001.2548
  • Burani C., Thornton A. M., Iacobini C., & Laudanna A. (1995). Investigating morphological non-words. In W. U. Dressler & C. Burani (Eds.), Crossdisciplinary approaches to morphology (pp. 37–53). Wien, Austria: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Butterworth B. (1983). Lexical representation. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language production (pp. 257–294). London, UK: Academic Press.
  • Caramazza A., Laudanna A., & Romani C. (1988). Lexical access and inflectional morphology. Cognition, 28, 297–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(88)90017-0
  • Casalis S., Colé P., & Sopo D. (2004). Morphological awareness in developmental dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 54, 114–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11881-004-0006-z
  • Casalis S., Dusautoir M., Colé P., & Ducrot S. (2009). Morphological effects in children word reading: A priming study in fourth graders. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27, 761–766. http://dx.doi. org/10.1348/026151008X389575
  • Clahsen H., Sonnensthul I., & Blevins J. (2003). Derivational morphology in the German mental lexicon: A dual mechanism account. In H. Baayen & R. Schreuder (Eds.), Morphological structure in language processing (pp. 151–125). Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Corral S., Ferrero M., & Goikoetxea E. (2009). LEXIN: A lexical database from Spanish kindergarten and first-grade readers. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1009–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1009
  • Davies S. K., Izura C., Soca R., & Dominguez A. (2015). Age of acquisition and imageablity norms for base and morphologically complex words in English and in Spanish. Behavioral Research Methods, 48, 349–365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0579-y
  • De Jong N. H., Schreuder R., & Baayen R. H. (2003). Morphological resonance in the mental lexicon. In R. H. Baayen & R. Schreuder (Eds.), Morphological structure in language processing (pp. 65–88). Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Duchon A., Perea M., Sebastián-Gallés N., Martí A., & Carreiras M. (2013). EsPal: One-stop shopping for Spanish word properties. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1246–1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0326-1
  • Duranovic M., Tinjak S., & Turbic-Hadzagic A. (2014). Morphological knowledge in children with dyslexia. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 43, 699–713. http://dx. doi.org/10.1007/s10936-013-9274-2
  • Duñabeitia J. A., Perea M., & Carreiras M. (2008). Does darkness lead to happiness? Masked suffix priming effects. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 1002–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960802164242
  • Ford M. A., Davis M. H., & Marslen-Wilson W. D. (2010). Derivational morphology and base morpheme frequency. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 117–130. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jml.2009.01.003
  • Giraudo H., & Voga M. (2014). Measuring morphology: The tip of the iceberg? A retrospective on 10 years of morphological processing. Carnets de Grammaire, 22, 136–167.
  • Hay J. (2006). Lexical frequency in morphology: Is everything relative? Linguistics, 39, 1041–1070. http://dx.doi. org/10.1515/ling.2001.041
  • Hay J., & Baayen R. H. (2002). Parsing and productivity. In G. Booij & J. van Marle (Eds.), Yearbook of morphology (pp. 203–235). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Juhasz B. J., & Berkowitz R. N. (2011). Effects of morphological families on English compound word recognition: A multitask investigation. Language and Cognitive Processes, 26, 653–682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2010.498668
  • Keller D. B., & Schultz J. (2013). Connectivity, not frequency, determines the fate of a morpheme. PloS One, 8, e69945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069945
  • Keller D. B., & Schultz J. (2014). Word formation is aware of morpheme family size. PloS One, 9, e93978. http://dx.doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093978
  • Kuperman V., & van Dyke J. A. (2011). Individual differences in visual comprehension of morphological complexity. In L. Carlson, C. Hoelscher, & T. Shipley (Eds.), Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1643–1648). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
  • Kuperman V., & van Dyke J. A. (2013). Reassessing word frequency as a determinant of word recognition for skilled and unskilled readers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39, 802–823. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030859
  • Laudanna A., Burani C., & Cermele A. (1994). Prefixes as processing units. Language and Cognitive Processes, 9, 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690969408402121
  • Lázaro M. (2012). The effects of base frequency and affix productivity in Spanish. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15, 505–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012. v15.n2.38861
  • Lázaro M., Acha J., de la Rosa S., García S., & Sainz J. (2016). Exploring the derivative suffix frequency in Spanish speaking children. Reading and Writing, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11145-016-9668-2
  • Lázaro M., Illera V., & Sainz J. (2015). The role of derivative suffix productivity in the visual word recognition of complex words. Psicológica, 36, 165–184.
  • Lázaro M., & Sainz J. S. (2012). The effect of family size on Spanish simple and complex words. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 41, 181–193. http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s10936-011-9186-y
  • Longtin C. M., & Meunier F. (2005). Morphological decomposition in early visual word processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 53, 26–41. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jml.2005.02.008
  • Moscoso del Prado Martin F., Kostic A., & Baayen R. H. (2004). Putting the bits together: An information theoretical perspective on morphological processing. Cognition, 94, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. cognition.2003.10.015
  • Niswander E., Pollatsek A., & Rayner K. (2000). The processing of derived and inflected suffixed words during reading. Language and Cognitive Processes, 15, 389–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960050119643
  • Plag I., & Baayen R. H. (2009). Suffix ordering and morphological processing. Language, 85, 106–149.
  • Rastle K., Davis M. H., Marslen-Wilson W. D., & Tyler L. K. (2000). Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study. Language and Cognitive Processes, 15, 507–537. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/01690960050119689
  • Schreuder R., & Baayen R. H. (1995). Modelling morphological processing. In B. Feldman (Ed.), Morphological aspects of language processing (pp. 131–154). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Sebastián N., Cuetos F., Martí M. A., & Carreiras M. F. (2000). LEXESP: Léxico informatizado del español. [Lexesp: A Spanish Computerized Lexical DataBase]. Barcelona, Spain: Ediciones de la Universitat de Barcelona.
  • Seidenberg M. S. (2007). Connectionist models of reading. In G. Gaskell (Ed.), Oxford handbook of psycholinguistics (pp. 235–250). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Siegel L. S. (2008). Morphological awareness skills of English language learners and children with dyslexia. Topics in Language Disorders, 28(1), 15–27. http://dx.doi. org/10.1097/01.adt.0000311413.75804.60
  • Singson M., Mahony D., & Mann V. (2000). The relation between reading ability and morphological skills: Evidence from derivational suffixes. Reading and Writing, 12, 219–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008196330239
  • Taft M., & Forster K. I. (1975). Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 638–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0022-5371(75)80051-X
  • Taft M. (1994). Interactive-activation as a framework for understanding morphological processing. Language and Cognitive Processes, 9, 271–294. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/01690969408402120
  • Taft M., & Zhu X. (1995). The representation of bound morphemes in the lexicon: A Chinese study. In L. Feldman (Ed.), Morphological aspects of language processing (pp. 293–316). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Taft M. (2004). Morphological decomposition and the reverse base frequency effect. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 745–765. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/02724980343000477
  • Traficante D. (2012). From graphemes to morphemes: An alternative way to improve reading skills in children with dyslexia. Revista de Investigación en Logopedia, 2, 163–185.
  • Tyler A., & Nagy W. (1989). The acquisition of English derivational morphology. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 649–667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(89)90002-8
  • Windsor J., & Hwang M. (1999). Derivational suffix productivity for students with and without languagelearning disabilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 220–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ jslhr.4201.220
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet