El metabolismo de la economía chinaUna visión del desarrollo desde la Economía ecológica

  1. Pérez Lagüela, Elena 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Revista de economía mundial

ISSN: 1576-0162

Año de publicación: 2017

Número: 47

Páginas: 64-94

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.33776/REM.V0I47.3867 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openArias Montano editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de economía mundial

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

The end of the economic isolation of China changed its development model, as well as its relations with the rest of the world. Since then, China has registered an increase in the reception of material flows that are extracted in other parts of the world. This dynamic is evident since the 1990s, when the behaviour of the Chinese economy, in terms of its metabolism, started to resemble that of the countries from the centre of the economic system, as it became a net material importer. All of this, linked to its demographic dynamics, presents some unsustainable trends that seem to endure at the expense of the sustainability of other territories. In this paper we present an analysis of the metabolism of the Chinese economy by pursuing a dual purpose: on the one hand, to corroborate the evolution of the Chinese economic structure from a productive to an acquisitive model in physical terms; on the other, to ascertain the effects that economic activity has on the environment.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adriaanse, A.; Bringezu, S.; Hammond, A.; Moriguchi, Y.; Rodenburg, E.; Rogich, D. y Schütz, H. (1997): Resource Flows. The Material Basis of Industrial Economies, World Resources Institute, Washington, D. C.
  • Agencia Europea del Medio Ambiente (AEMA) (2016a): Circular Economy in Europe - Developing the Knowledge Base, EEA Report 2/2016, EEA, Copenhague.
  • Agencia Europea del Medio Ambiente (2016b): More From Less - Material Resource Efficiency in Europe, EEA Report 10/2016, EEA, Copenhague.
  • Ayres, R. U. y Simonis, U. E. (1994): Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development, United Nations University Press, Tokio.
  • Banco Mundial (2015): Datos [en línea], «Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)» [Acceso: 15 de Agosto de 2016], disponible en: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.GHGT.KT.CE?locations=CN
  • Bringezu, S. (2000): «History and Overview of Material Flow Analysis», Paper presented to the OECD Special Session on Material Flow Accounting, 30th Meeting of the Working Group on the State of the Environment, OCDE, París.
  • Bringezu, S. y S. Moll (1998): «Coordination of Regional and National Material Flow Accounting for Environmental Sustainability», en The ConAccount Agenda, editado por Bringezu, S.; Fischer-Kowalski, M.; Klein, R. y Palm, V., Wuppertal Institute, Wuppertal.
  • Bunker, S. (1984): «Modes of Extraction, Unequal Exchange, and the Progressive Underdevelopment of an Extreme Periphery», American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 89, pp. 1017-1064.
  • Bunker, S. (1985): Underdeveloping the Amazon, University of Illinois Press,Urbana.
  • Carpintero, O. (1999): Entre la Economía y la Naturaleza, Los libros de la Catarata, Madrid.
  • Carpintero, O. (2005): El metabolismo de la economía española. Recursos naturales y huella ecológica (1955-2000), Colección Economía y Naturaleza, Fundación César Manrique, Lanzarote.
  • Carpintero, O. (2006): La bioeconomía de Georgescu-Roegen, Montesinos, Madrid.
  • Carpintero, O. (dir.) (2015): El metabolismo económico regional español, FUHEM Ecosocial, Madrid.
  • CE (2001): Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts and Derived Indicators. A Methodological Guide, Oficina para publicaciones oficiales de las Comunidades Europeas, Luxemburgo.
  • CE (2002): Material Use in the European Union 1980-2000: Indicators and Analysis, Oficina para publicaciones oficiales de las Comunidades Europeas, Luxemburgo.
  • CE (2003): Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts, Foreign Trade Analysis, and Derived Indicators for the EU. Resource Use and Material Flow Accounts, Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas, Luxemburgo.
  • Chancel, L. y Piketty, T. (2015): Carbon and Inequality: from Kyoto to Paris. Trends in the Global Inequality of Carbon Emissions (1998-2013) and Prospects for an Equitable Adaptation Fund, Paris School of Economics, París.
  • Chen, X. y Qiao, L. (2001): «A Preliminary Material Input Analysis of China», Population and Environment, Vol. 23, N° 1, pp. 117-127.
  • Clark, B. y Bellamy Foster, J. (2012): «Imperialismo ecológico y la fractura metabólica global. Intercambio desigual y el comercio de guano/nitratos», Theomai, Número 26, pp. 1-24.
  • Daniels, P. L. y Moore, S. (2002): «Approaches for Quantifying the Metabolism of Physical Economies. Part I: Methodological Overview», Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 5, N° 4, pp. 69-93.
  • Emmanuel, A. (1972): El intercambio desigual, Siglo XXI Editores, México D.F.
  • Eurostat (2009): Economy Wide Material Flow Accounts: Compilation Guidelines for Reporting to the 2009, Eurostat questionnaire, Version 01.
  • Eurostat (2012a): Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts (EW-MFA): Compilation Guide 2012.
  • Eurostat (2012b): Project: Estimates for Raw Material Consumption (RMC) and Raw Material Equivalents (RME) conversion factors.
  • Fischer-Kowalski, M. (1998): «Metabolism: The Intellectual History of Material Flow Analysis. Part I, 1860-1970», Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 2 (1), pp. 61-78.
  • Fischer-Kowalski, M. y Amann, C. (2001): «Beyond IPAT and Kuznets Curves: Globalization as a Vital Factor in Analysing the Environmental Impact of Socio-Economic Metabolism», Population and Environment, Vol. 23, N° 1, pp. 1-41.
  • Frey, R. S. (1994): «The International Traffic in Hazardous Wastes», Journal of Environmental Systems, Vol. 23, pp. 165-177.
  • Gereffi, G. y Evans, P. (1981): «Transnational Corporations, Dependent Development and State Policy in the Semiperiphery: a Comparison of Brazil and Mexico», Latin America Research Review, 16(3), pp. 31-64.
  • Hornborg, A. (1998a): «Towards an Ecological Theory of Unequal Exchange», Ecological Economics, Vol. 25 (N° 1), pp. 127-136.
  • Hornborg, A. (2001): The Power of the Machine, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.
  • Hornborg, A. (2003): «Cornucopia or Zero-Sum Game? The Epistemology of Sustainability», Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. 9, N° 2, pp. 205-216.
  • INE (2015): Cuentas de flujos de materiales, Base 2010, Serie contable 2010- 2013.
  • Jorgenson, A. K. (2006): «Unequal Ecological Exchange and Environmental Dgradation», Rural Sociology, Vol. 71, pp. 685-712.
  • Kneese, A.; Ayres, R. y D’Arge, R. (1975): «Economics and the Environment: A Materials Balance Approach», en The economics of pollution, editado por H. Wolozin, General Learning Press, Morristown, Tennessee.
  • López-Menéndez, A. J. y Pérez Suárez, R. (2015a): «Growing Green? Forecasting CO2 Emissions with Environmental Kuznets Curves and Logistic Growth Models», Environmental Science & Policy, Diciembre 2015.
  • Hornborg, A. (2015b): Desarrollo económico y perspectivas medioambientales. Análisis de escenarios basados en modelos de Kuznets y logísticos, Conference Paper.
  • Lutter, S.; Lieber, M. y Giljum, S. (2015): Global Material Flow database. Material extraction data. Technical Report, Version 2015.1, Institute for Ecological Economics/Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU).
  • Martínez-Alier, J. y Roca, J. (2013): Economía ecológica y política ambiental. Tercera edición revisada y aumentada, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México D. F.
  • Matthews, E. (dir) (2000): The Weight of Nations. Material Flow Accounts from Industrial Economies, World Resources Institute.
  • Naredo, J. M. y Valero, A. (1999): Desarrollo económico y deterioro ecológico, Colección Economía y Naturaleza, Fundación Argentaria, Madrid.
  • National Bureau of Statistics of China, NBS (2016): Annual Data, NBS, Pekín.
  • OCDE (2000): Special Session on Material Flow Accounting, OECD Working Group on Environmental Information and Outlooks (WGEIO).
  • OCDE (2008): Measuring Material Flows and Resource Productivity, Vol. III, Inventory of Country Activities.
  • ONU, Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, División de la Población (2015): World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, ONU, Nueva York.
  • ONU, Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales, División de la Población (2008): «China: dependencia exterior y dilemas estratégicos de su transición energética» en Palazuelos, E. (dir.): El petróleo y el gas en la geoestrategia mundial, Akal, Madrid.
  • Ramos-Martín, J.; Giampietro, M. y Mayumic, K. (2006): «On China’s Exosomatic Energy Metabolism: an Application of Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal Metabolism (MSIASM)», Ecological Economics, Vol. 63, pp.174-191.
  • Ramos Martín, J. (2011): «La insostenibilidad energética del “Gran Dragón”: China 1985-2009», Papeles de relaciones ecosociales y cambio global, N° 115, pp. 49-63.
  • Rice, J. (2007): «Ecological Unequal Exchange», International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol. 48, pp. 43-72.
  • Rothman, D. (1998): «Environmental Kuznets Curves-Real Progress or Passing the Buck? A Case for Consumption-Based Approaches», Ecological Economics, Vol. 25, pp. 177-194.
  • Stern, D. (2004): «The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve». World Development, Vol. 32, N° 8, pp. 1419-1439.
  • U.S. Geological Service (USGS) (2015): 2013 Minerals Yearbook for China, USGS, Washington, D.C.
  • Velasco, R. (2012): Dos senderos diferenciados de metabolismo energético: China e India, Trabajo de Fin de Máster, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Ambientales, UAB, Barcelona.
  • Wang, H.; Yue, Q.; Lu, Z.; Schütz, H. y Bringezu, S. (2013): «Total Material Requirement of Growing China: 1995-2008», Resources, Vol. 2, pp. 270-285.
  • West, J.; Schandl, H.; Heyenga, S. y Chen, S. (2013): Resource Efficiency: Economics and Outlook for China, Bangkok, UNEP, Tailandia.
  • WU y Dittrich, R. (2014): Global Material Flows Database.
  • Xu, M. y Zhang, T. (2007): «Material Flows and Economic Growth in Developing China», Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 11, N° 1, pp. 121-140.
  • You, C. y Ren, P. (2015): «Timber Flow Study: Export/Import Discrepancy Analysis. China vs. Mozambique, Cameroon, Uganda and DRC», IIED Issue Paper, IIED, Londres.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet