Impacto de la activación emocional en el reconocimiento de emociones en personas adultas con Trastornos del Espectro del Autismo y Discapacidad Intelectual

  1. Marina Jodra
  2. Domingo García-Villamisar
Revista:
Acción psicológica

ISSN: 1578-908X

Año de publicación: 2019

Volumen: 16

Número: 2

Páginas: 103-118

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/AP.16.2.25566 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Acción psicológica

Resumen

Uno de los síntomas nucleares de los Trastornos del Espectro del Autismo (TEA) es el déficit en el área socioemocional, mostrando patrones de respuesta atípicos ante los estímulos sociales y respondiendo con distintos niveles de activación o arousal (hiperexcitación o hipoexcitación). Algunas investigaciones han podido comprobar como la exposición a imágenes de valencia negativa tiene efectos en el reconocimiento posterior de emociones en población sin TEA. En cambio, los escasos estudios que existen acerca de la permeabilidad emocional en personas con TEA, muestran patrones atípicos de respuesta fisiológica ante la inducción de emociones. En la presente investigación se analiza la repercusión de la inducción emocional «negativa», a través de imágenes del International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Lang, Bradley y Cuthbert, 1995), en el reconocimiento de emociones a través del rostro mediante la Facial Discrimination Battery (FDB; Rojahn, Esbensen y Hoch, 2006), en un grupo de 31 personas adultas con TEA y discapacidad intelectual. Se realizó una ANOVA de medidas repetidas y los resultados demostraron la existencia de cierta «impermeabilidad» emocional, ya que la inducción de emociones no influyó en el reconocimiento emocional posterior. Estos resultados son coherentes con el modelo de hipoexcitación, que defiende que las personas con TEA experimentan menos excitación o recompensa cuando atienden a los estímulos sociales.

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