The measurement of the economic, social and environmental impact of Peer to Peer online platformsThe case of collaborative consumption

  1. Gordo López, Ángel
  2. de Rivera, Javier
Revue:
Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales

ISSN: 1139-5737

Année de publication: 2021

Número: 49

Pages: 87-119

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5944/EMPIRIA.49.2021.29233 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

D'autres publications dans: Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales

Résumé

Over the last decade, the rise of peer-to-peer online markets has become a major sociocultural and economic phenomena and been described as a collaborative or sharing economy. However, understanding their impact has been mired in controversy and disagreement. Proponents of the sharing economy hail its potential to be a panacea for many of the world’s problems, but more critical perspectives point to research that undermines these claims. The rapid growth of this type of activity has placed public administrators in particular under pressure to develop appropriate policy and regulation. However, policy development is severely hindered by a lack of data and suitable measurement techniques. Work to develop appropriate data measurement tends to focus on economic measurement at the expense of social and environmental impact. This research paper seeks to contribute to understanding this problem area by taking a comprehensive triple impact perspective (economic, social and environmental) of the object of study. Employing a Delphi technique, the research developed forty-seven impact indicators across the three areas of measurement.

Références bibliographiques

  • ACQUIER, A., DAUDIGEOS, T. & PINKSE, J. (2017): “Promises and paradoxes of the sharing economy: An organizing framework”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.07.006
  • ALLEN, D., & BERG, C. (2014): The sharing economy: How over-regulation could destroy an economic revolution. Melbourne: Institute of Public Affairs. Available at https://ipa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/archive/Sharing_Economy_December_2014. pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • ARROYO, L., MURILLO, D. & VAL, E. (2017): Confiados y confiables. La fabricación de la confianza en la era digital, Barcelona, ESADE.
  • BELK, R. (2014): “You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online”, Journal of business research, 67 (8), pp. 1595-1600.
  • BELK, R., ECKHARDT, G. & BARDHI, F. (2019): “Introduction: the paradox of the sharing economy”, in Handbook of the Sharing Economy. Elgar Online Publishing, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788110549
  • BENKLER. Y. (2004): “Sharing nicely: On shareable goods and the emergence of sharing as a modality of economic production”, The Yale Law Journal, 114 (273), pp. 273–358. http://doi.org/10.2307/4135731
  • BOFFEY, D. (2020): “Amsterdam to embrace ‘doughnut’ model to mend post-coronavirus economy”, The Guardian, 8th April. Available at https://www.theguardian. com/world/2020/apr/08/amsterdam-doughnut-model-mend-post-coronavirus-economy [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • BÖRJESSON-RIVERA, M., HÅKANSSON, C., SVENFELT, Å. & FINNVEDEN, G. (2014): “Including second order effects in environmental assessments of ICT”, Environmental Modelling & Software, 56, pp 105–115. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.02.005
  • BOTSMAN, R. & ROGERS, R. (2010): What’s mine is yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption, New York, Harper Collins.
  • BOTSMAN, R. (2017): Who Can You Trust?: How Technology Brought Us Together and Why It Could Drive Us Apart, New York, Penguin Books.
  • BULCHAND, J. & MELIAN, S. (2018): La revolución de la economía colaborativa, Madrid, LID Editorial.
  • CODAGNONE, C., BIAGI, F. & ADABIE, F. (2016): The passions and the interests: Unpacking the ‘Sharing Economy’. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, JRC Science for Policy Report. Available at https://publications.jrc.ec.europa. eu/repository/bitstream/JRC101279/jrc101279.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • COHEN, M. J. (2016): “The (Mostly) Empty Promise of the Sharing Economy”, in The Future of Consumer Society: Prospects for Sustainability in the New Economy. O x f o r d U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s . h t t p : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 1 0 9 3 / a c p r o f : o so/9780198768555.003.0003
  • COX, M. & SLEE, T. (2016): “How Airbnb’s data hid the facts in New York City”, Inside Airbnb. Available at http://insideairbnb.com/reports/how-airbnbs-data-hid-thefacts-in-new-york-city.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • COYLE, D. (2016): The Sharing Economy in the UK. Available at http:/ /www. sharingeconomyuk.com/perch/resources/210116thesharingeconomyintheuktpdc. docx1111.docx-2.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • DeGROEN, W.P., & MASELLI, I. (2016): The Impact of the Collaborative Economy on the Labour Market, Brussels, Centre for European Policy Studies.
  • DEMAILLY, D. & NOVEL, A.S. (2014): The sharing economy: make it sustainable. Iddri, 03 (July). Available at https://www.iddri.org/sites/default/files/import/publications/st0314_dd-asn_sharing-economy.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • DEMARY, V. (2015): The platformization of digital markets: Comments on the public consultation of the European Commission on the regulatory environment for platforms, online intermediaries, data and cloud computing and the collaborative economy, IW policy paper, No. 39/2015. Available at https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/126091/1/845730703.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • de RIVERA, J., GORDO LÓPEZ, Á. & CASSIDY, P. (2016): “A netnographic study of P2P collaborative consumption platforms’ user interface and design”, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 23, pp. 11-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. eist.2016.09.003
  • de RIVERA, J. (2019): Sociología de las instituciones digitales. El estudio de caso de la “economía colaborativa. Tesis doctoral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
  • de RIVERA, J. & GORDO LÓPEZ, Á. (in-print): “La oleada de la economía colaborativa y el nuevo utilitarismo digital. Un análisis del trabajo fundacional de Bostman y Rogers (2010)”, in Estudios sociales sobre el consumo, Madrid, Colección Academia, CIS.
  • DILLAHUNT, T. R. & MALONE, A.R. (2015): “The promise of the sharing economy among disadvantaged communities”, in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2285-2294. Available at https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2702123.2702189 [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • DOGRU, T., HANKS, L., OZDEMIR, O., KIZILDAG, M., AMPOUNTOLAS, A. & DEMIRER, I. (2020): “Does Airbnb Have a Homogenous Impact? Examining Airbnb’s Effect on Hotels With Different Organizational Structures”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86, 102451, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijhm.2020.102451
  • DREYER, B., LÜDEKE-FREUND, F., HAMANN, R. & FACCER, K. (2017): “Upsides and downsides of the sharing economy: Collaborative consumption business models’ stakeholder value impacts and their relationship to context”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, pp. 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.036
  • EDELMAN, B. & LUCA, M. (2014): Digital Discrimination: The Case of Airbnb.com. Harvard Business School. Working Paper No. 14-054. Available at http:/ /www. west-info.eu/files/airbnb_research.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • EGLASH, R. (2016): “Of Marx and Makers: An historical perspective on generative Justice”, Teknokultura, 13(1), pp. 245-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_TK.2016. v13.n1.52096
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2016): Synopsis report on the public consultation on the regulatory environment for platforms, online intermediaries and the collaborative economy. Brussels. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ full-report-results-public-consultation-regulatory-environment-platforms-online-intermediaries [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2017): Exploratory study of consumer issues in online peer-to-peer platform markets. Final report. Brussels. Available at: https://ec.europa. eu/newsroom/document.cfm?doc_id=45245 [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (2017): The Social Protection of Workers in the Platform Economy. Directorate-General for Internal Policies. Brussels. Available at https:// www.europarl .europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/614184/IPOL_ STU(2017)614184_EN.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • FERNÁNDEZ-MACÍAS, E. (2017): “Automation, digitisation and platforms: implications for work and employment”, Concept Paper. Eurofound: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Available at https:// www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/wpef17035.pdf [accessed: 27-05- 2020].
  • FERNÁNDEZ-TRUJILLO MOARES, F. (2020): “Precariedad e inestabilidad: contradicciones en el trabajo en las plataformas de reparto de comida”, Teknokultura, 17(1), pp. 35-40. https://doi.org/10.5209/tekn.65189
  • FRENKEN, K. (2017): “Political economies and environmental futures for the sharing economy”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 375 (2095), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rsta.2016.0367
  • FRENKEN, K. & SCHOR, J. (2019): “Putting the sharing economy into perspective”, in A Research Agenda for Sustainable Consumption Governance, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 121-135.
  • GIL, J. (2018): “¿Qué son las economías colaborativas?”, Papeles de relaciones ecosociales y cambio global, 141, pp. 47-60.
  • GORDO LÓPEZ, Á., de RIVERA, J. & CASSIDY, P. (2017): «La economía colaborativa y sus impactos sociales en la era del capitalismo digital», in Ciberpolítica: gobierno abierto, redes, deliberación, democracia, Madrid, INAP, pp. 189-208.
  • HEINRICHS, H. (2013): “Sharing economy: A potential new pathway to sustainability”, GAIA: Ecological Perspectives for Science & Society, 22(4), pp. 228–231. https:// doi.org/10.14512/gaia.22.4.5
  • HOOK, L. (2017): “How Uber and Airbnb changed the rules”, Financial Times, February 17th. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/36096064-e48e-11e6-9645- c9357a75844a [accessed: 13-06-2020]
  • HUWS, U., & JOYCE, S. (2016): Crowd Work in Europe. University of Hertfordshire, Uni-Europa Global Union. Available at https://euagenda.eu/upload/publications/ untitled-88617-ea.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • ILO. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE (2018): Digital labour platforms and the future of work: Towards decent work in the online world. Geneva. Available at https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_645337.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • KEENEY, S., HASSON, F. & MCKENNA, H. (2006): “Consulting the oracle: Ten lessons form using the Delphi technique in nursing research”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(2), pp. 205–212. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03716.x
  • KEENEY, S., HASSON, F. & MCKENNA, H. (2011): The Delphi technique in nursing and health research, New Jersey, Wiley-Blackwell.
  • KOSTAKIS, V., ROOS, A. & BAUWENS, M. (2016): “Towards a political ecology of the digital economy: Socio-environmental implications of two competing value models”, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 18, pp. 82–100. http://doi. org/10.1016/j.eist.2015.08.002
  • LAURELL, C. & SANDSTRÖM, C. (2017): “The sharing economy in social media: Analyzing tensions between market and non-market logics”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, pp. 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.038
  • LINSTONE, H. A. & TUROFF, M. (2002): The Delphi Method Techniques and applications, Boston MA, Addison-Wesley.
  • MAIR, J. & REISCHAUER, G. (2017): “Upsides and downsides of the sharing economy: Collaborative consumption business models’ stakeholder value impacts and their relationship to context”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, pp. 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.036
  • MARTIN, C.J. (2016): “The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?” Ecological Economics, 121, pp. 149–159. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.027
  • MARTÍNEZ DÍEZ, P. (2019): Categorización y efectos del consumo colaborativo sobre la economía. Trabajo Fin de Grado, Universidad de Valladolid.
  • MOROZOV, E. (2019): “Capitalism’s New Clothes”, The Baffler, February, 4, 2019. Available at https://thebaffler.com/latest/capitalisms-new-clothes-morozov [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • MURILLO, D., BUCKLAND, H. & VAL, E. (2017): “When the sharing economy becomes neoliberalism on steroids: Unravelling the controversies”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, pp. 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.024
  • OCU. ORGANIZACIÓN DE CONSUMUIDORES Y USUARIOS (2016): Collaboration or Business? Collaborative consumption: From value for users to a society with values. OCU, Altoconsumo, Deco Proteste. Test-Achats. Available at https:// www.ocu.org/organizacion/~/media/lobbyandpressocu/images/que-hacemos/nuestras-acciones/2016/informe%20ocu%20economia%20colaborativa/informe%20 ocu%20consumo%20colaborativo/collaboration%20or%20business_%20cc%20 p2p%202016.pdf [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • OECD (2016): Working party on measurement and analysis of the digital economy: New forms of work in the digital economy. Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation. Committee on Digital Policy. Available at http://www.oecd.org/ officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DSTI/ICCP/IIS(2015)7/ FINAL&docLanguage=En [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • OKOLI, C. & PAWLOWSKI, S.D. (2004): “The Delphi method as a research tool: An example, design considerations and applications”, Information & Management, 42(1), pp. 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002
  • ORSI, J. (2014). The Next Sharing Economy. [Video]. Available at https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=xpg4PjGtbu0 [accessed: 27-05-2020].
  • OUISHARE (2015): About us. http://ouishare.net/en/about [accessed 01-11-2015] PARGMAN, D., ERIKSSON, E. & FRIDAY, A. (2016): “Limits to the sharing economy”, in Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computing within Limits. ACM. http://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926683
  • PARGUEL, B., LUNARDO, R. & BENOIT-MOREAU, F. (2017): “Sustainability of the sharing economy in question: When second-hand peer-to-peer platforms stimulate indulgent consumption”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 125, pp. 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.029
  • PARIGI, P. & STATE, B. (2014): “Disenchanting the world: The impact of technology on relationships”, in Social Informatics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8851, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing, pp. 166–182.
  • RANI, U. & FURRER, M. (2019): “On-demand digital economy: Can experience ensure work and income security for microtask workers?” Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 239(3), pp. 565-597.
  • RAWORTH, K. (2017): Doughnut economics: seven ways to think like a 21st-century economist, Vermont, Chelsea Green Publishing.
  • RICHARDSON, L. (2015): “Performing the sharing economy”, Geoforum, 67, pp. 121–129. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.11.004
  • RISO, S. (2020): The pandora’s box of the platform economy. Eurofound: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Available at https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/blog/the-pandoras-box-of-the-platform-economy [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • ROGERS, B. (2016): Employment Rights in the Platform Economy: Getting Back to Basics. Harvard Law y Policy Review, 10. Temple University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2015-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2641305
  • ROWE, G. & WRIGHT, G. (2001): “Expert Opinions in Forecasting: The Role of the Delphi Technique”, in Principles of Forecasting: A Handbook for Researchers and Practitioners, Boston MA, Springer, pp. 125–144. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306- 47630-3₇
  • SCHMIDT, R., LYYTINEN, K., KEIL, M. & CULE, P. (2001): “Identifying software project risks: An international Delphi study”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 17(4), pp. 5–36. http://doi.org/doi:10.1080/07421222.2001.11045662
  • SCHMIDT, F.A. (2017): Digital labour markets in the platform economy: Mapping the political challenges of crowd work and gig work, Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
  • SCHOLZ, T. (2014): Platform Cooperativism vs. the Sharing Economy, 5 December 2014. Available at: https://medium.com/@trebors/platform-cooperativism-vs-thesharingeconomy-2ea737f1b5ad#.p39j64v5d [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • SCHOR, J. (2014): “Debating the Sharing Economy.” The Great Transition Initiative. Available at http://www.greattransition.org/publication/debating-the-sharing-economy [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • SCHOR, J. B., FITZMAURICE, C., CARFAGNA, L.B. & ATTWOOD-CHARLES, W. (2016): “Paradoxes of openness and distinction in the sharing economy”, Poetics, 54, pp. 66–81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2015.11.001
  • SCHRÖDER, P., BENGTSSON, M., COHEN, M., DEWICK, P., HOFFSTETTER, J. & SARKIS, J. (2019): “Degrowth within–Aligning circular economy and strong sustainability narratives”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 146, pp. 190-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.038
  • SKOK, W. & BAKER, S. (2018): “Evaluating the impact of Uber on London’s taxi service: A critical review of the literature”, Knowledge and Process Management. The Journal of Corporate Transformation, 26(1), pp. 3-9.
  • SRNICEK, N. (2016): Platform Capitalism, New Jersey, Wiley-Blackwell.
  • STOKES, K., CLARENCE, E., ANDERSON, L. & RINNE, A. (2014): Making sense of the Uk collaborative economy, Nesta, Collaborative Lab. Available at https:// www.nesta.org.uk/report/making-sense-of-the-uk-collaborative-economy/ [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • SUNDARARAJAN, A. (2016): The sharing economy: The end of employment and the rise of crowd-based capitalism, Boston MA, MIT Press.
  • TEUBNER, T., HAWLITSCHEK, F. & DANN, D. (2017): “Price determinants on AirBnB: How reputation pays off in the sharing economy”, Journal of Self-Governance & Management Economics, 5(4), pp. 53-80. http://doi.org/10.22381/JSME5420173
  • TNS (2016): Flash Eurobarometer 438 Briefing note The use of collaborative platforms. TNS Political and Social / European Commission. Available at https:// ec.europa.eu/COMMFrontOffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/ DocumentKy/72886 [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • TORREGROSSA, M. (2013): The Sharing Economy: Training toolkit based on strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). Available at http://www.slideshare. net/speed101/the-rise-of-the-sharing-economy [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • VALLAS, S.P. (2019): “Platform Capitalism: What is at Stake for Workers?” New Labor Forum, 28(1), pp. 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1095796018817059
  • VERBOVEN, H. & VANHERCK, L. (2016): “The sustainability paradox of the sharing economy”, uwf, UmweltWirtschaftsForum, 24(4), pp. 303-314. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00550-016-0410-y
  • WAGNER, T., KUHNDT, M., LAGOMARSINO, J. & MATTAR, H. (2015): Listening to sharing economy initiatives. Report on a Global Survey. Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production (CSCP). Available at http://www.scpcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Listening_to_Sharing_Economy_Initiatives. pdf [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • WALSH, B. (2011): “Today’s Smart Choice: Don’t Own. Share”, Time Magazine, March 17th. Available at http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2059521_2059717,00.html [accessed 27-05-2020].
  • ZERVAS, G., PROSERPIO, D. & BYERS, J. (2017): “The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry”, Journal of Marketing Research, 54(5), pp. 687-705. https://doi.org/10.1509%2Fjmr.15.0204